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《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹七、定语从句一、定语从句1．定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。2．定语从句在选择关连词that与which时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.（1）．只能用that的情况归纳4种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为all、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被theonly、theverythesame、thelast修饰。请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①．Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.②．Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallthatheknewatthislesson.③．LatermyfatherandMr.Crossettalkedforabouthalfanfourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.④．ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttofind.（2）．只用whichis情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。请看下列两组例句：Isaidnothing,whichmadehimmoreangry.Ihavethebookaboutwhichyouaretalking.三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which和as是容易混淆的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常As可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as本身含有“正如”，as在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou.2、which在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：shehaswarriedagain,whichsurprisesus.四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清allthat和what,what实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于allthat两个字，例如：AllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.=whatIknowisthat……一、限定性定语从句：种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句（人）在从句中做主语或宾语物在从句中做主语或宾语whowhichThisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.这就是救了孩子生命的医生。SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.汤姆买的小说很有意思。Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语，口语中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whomwhich在从句中做主语。which充当宾语时可以省去。which做介词宾语不可省种类先行词关联词[来源:学*科*网]例句说明定语从句人或物的whoseTheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。Theprofessor,thedaughterofwhomteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。=Thebikethebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepairedwhose在从句中做定语指某人的也可以用…ofwhom代替whose指物时也可以用…ofwhich代替whose人或thatThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonshow.我想看那些刚上映的电影。that指人做主语that指物做主语种类先行词关联词例句说明物all,littlemuch和some,anyevery,no构成的合成代词人或物thatthatTheytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberintheschool.他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？[来源:学科网]I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijingLibrary.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆[来源:Zxxk.Com]先行词分别表示人和物，关系代词要用that，不用who或which先行词表示物，关系代词用that不用which,在从句中做宾语可省去。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that或who(whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。定语从句人或物thatHeistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.他是唯一可靠的人。Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.约翰正是她要见的人。WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithTom?正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtiseasytoread?你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时用关系代词that.当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用that时间whenHecameatatimewhenwe.neededhimmost.他在我们最需要的时候来了。We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。在定语从句中作时间状语注：先行词是time,minute,moment,nexttim很少用关系副词when,可用that但通常省去。地点whereThisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。在定语从句中作地点状语原因理由whyIknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.我知道她学习好的原因。在定语从句中作原因状语（2）非限制性定语从句种类先行词关联词例句说明非[来源:学科网]限制性定语从句人物没有固定的先行词而是一个句子whowhomwhichwhich[来源:学科网]asGeorge,whoismyclassmate,haswonascholarship.乔治获得了奖学金，他是我的同学。Dr.Li,whomIknowverywell,willcomeheretomorrow.李大夫明天将来这儿，我跟他很熟悉。IgavehimaNewYearcard,whichheenjoyedverymuch.我给他一张贺年卡，他很喜欢它。Hestudieshardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.他年轻时在校学习努力，这导致了他后来生活中的成功。Hegetsupearly，asisalwayshishabit.他总是早起床，这是他的习惯。Johnwasadmittedintothecollege,aswehadexpected.约翰被大学录取了，这是我们期待的。Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.人人皆知，地球是圆的。who,whom不能省去，也不能用that代替[来源:学科网]which指物，不可省去，也不能用that代替which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。as指全句，在从句中做主语。as指全句意思，在从句中做宾语。as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，句中或句末。ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。用于thesame…as,such…as,as…as等结构中。（3）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子【专项训练】1．Footballisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld．A．thatB．whichC．itD．who2．Isthereanythingelseyourequire?A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what3．ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall．A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it4．Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool．A．whichB．whoC．itD．that5．Thereailwaytunnel,thoughthetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon．A．whichB．thatC．itD．whom6．Hisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremade．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．there7．Thereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．inthat8．Nextmonth,you’llspendinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where9．Nextmonth,you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where10．Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm．A．whichB．whereC．whenD．who11．Hewantedtoknowthetimeheneeded