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IntroductiontoLiteratureJoanMiroTheVillageofPradesLiteratureistheartthatuseslanguageasamedium.Itisaperformanceinwords…RobertFrostLiteraturebeginsinthecreativepossibilitiesofhumanlanguageandinthedesireofhumanbeingstousetheirlanguagecreatively.…authorsusewordstoconveytheirviewsofexperience.Inthatbasicsensealloftheforms(ofliterature)ariseoutofacommonhumanimpulse----tofindmeaninginexperienceandtoshareitwithothers.----RobertScholesTwoessentialdistinctions:1.thewaysinwhichthewordsinliteraryworksrelatetotheworldofexperience.Mrs.Mooneywasabutcher’sdaughter.Shewasawomanwhowasquiteabletokeepthingstoherself:adeterminedwoman.Shehadmarriedherfather’sforemanandopenedabutcher’sshopnearSpringGardens.Butassoonashisfather-in-lawwasdeadMr.Mooneybegantogothedevil.TheBoardingHousebyJamesJoyceMargaret:You’retheonlydrinkin’manIknowthatitneverseemst’putfaton.Brick:I’mgettin’softer,Maggie.Margaret:Well,soonerorlaterit’sboundtosoftenyouup.ItwasjustbeginningtosoftenupSkipperwhen----[Shestopsshort.]I’msorry.Inevercouldkeepmyfingersoffasore----…CatonaHotTinRoofbyTennesseeWilliamProcessofengagingourinterestinanimaginaryworld.WilliamWordsworth’ssonnetComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802ThisCitynowdoth,likeagarment,wearThebeautyofthemorning;silent,bare,Ships,towers,domes,theatres,andtempleslieOpenuntothefields,andtothesky;AllbrightandglitteringinthesmokelessairNe’ersawI,neverfeltaCalmsodeep!Hisfacewascoatedwithmud,theeyeswideopen,theteethbaredandgrinningwithanexpressionofunendurableagony.(Nevertellme,bytheway,thatthedeadlookpeaceful.MostofthecorpsesIhaveseenlookeddevilish.)ShootinganElephantbyGeorgeOrwellProcessofarousingoursympathyforideasandfeelingsaboutexperience.WordsusedtocreateimaginarypersonsandeventsWordsusedtoexpressideasandfeelings________________________________2.Distinctionbetweenthewaysinwhichtheyarecommunicatedtoareader.Wordsaddresseddirectlytothereaders____________________________WordsoverheardbythereaderWordsusedtocreateimaginarypersonsandevents___________________________WordsusedtoexpressideasandfeelingsWordsaddresseddirectlytothereadersWordsoverheardbythereader________________________________Wordsusedtocreateimaginarypersonsandevents___________________________WordsusedtoexpressideasandfeelingsWordsaddresseddirectlytothereadersWordsoverheardbythereader________________________________Story(narration)Wordsusedtocreateimaginarypersonsandevents___________________________WordsusedtoexpressideasandfeelingsWordsaddresseddirectlytothereadersWordsoverheardbythereader________________________________Story(narration)Play(interaction)Wordsusedtocreateimaginarypersonsandevents___________________________WordsusedtoexpressideasandfeelingsWordsaddresseddirectlytothereadersWordsoverheardbythereader________________________________Story(narration)Play(interaction)Essay(persuasion)Wordsusedtocreateimaginarypersonsandevents___________________________WordsusedtoexpressideasandfeelingsWordsaddresseddirectlytothereadersWordsoverheardbythereader________________________________Story(narration)Play(interaction)Essay(persuasion)Poem(meditation)HowtobecomeacriticalreaderofLiterature?Learntoaddressyourbiases,enlargeyouruniverse,andtestyourcomfortableconvictions•Whatperspectivedoestheauthorhavethatledhimorhertowritethiswork?•Whatsocial,cultural,orhistoricalconditionsinfluencedtheproductionoftheworkofliterature?•Whatotherwaysmighttheauthorhavepresentedtheideaorsubjectsofthework?•Aretheauthor’svaluesdifferentfromyourown?•Howdoyourviewsandexperiencesaffectwhetheryoulikeordislikethework?Inwritingaboutawork:testtheevidenceyouuse•Doesanyevidenceinthestorypointtoconclusionotherthantheonesyoudraw?•Reviewtheworkandyournotesonittobecertainyouhavenotoverlookedormisinterpreteddetailsthatmightcontradictyourthesis.•Scrutinizeyourargumenttodeterminewhetheryourreaderswillfindyourthesispersuasiveandyoursupportingevidenceconvincing.