EffectiveMeeting有效会议讲师:陈结胜Nov.28,2002“Isyourmeetingreallynecessary??”“会议真的必须吗??”Beforeagreeingtoholdameetingweshouldchallengeitsexistence举行会议之前,列出不开会议的理由。Beforediscoveringhowtouseandmanipulatemeetingstoservetheir,orour,purpose,weshouldconsideralternative,andpossiblymorecost-effective,waysofachievingthesameend在开会之前,想一下是否有其它更经济,又能取得同样效果的方式Beforelearninghowtodealwithawkwardmeetingmembersandhowtocombattheirmachinationsweshouldconsiderwaysofcircumventingtheiractionsinadvance.对于那些难于对付的与会者,应先提前考虑一些避免他们不良举动的办法,再去考虑怎样回击他们CostExamination计算成本ISTHEREAWAYOFDEALINGWITHTHEPROBLEMWITHOUTNEEDINGTOCONVENEAMEETING??A、会议的总支出为所有与会人员薪金的总数加上用于其它支出费用(与会人员薪金总数的25%~40%),再换算成每工作一分钟的花费。如,一年中有260个工作日,每天7个工作时,则共计109200分钟。B、以分为单位计算会议的时间。C、以A乘以B得到“会议成本”。D、列出会议取得的成果,把以上内容出示给主席并询问会议成果是否与会议时间相值。Withoutrealpurpose,butamatterofhabitorisaneasywayoutofthedecision-makingprocess.无明确目的,只是出于习惯。Wrongreason(s)generatethewrongdecisions.错误的理由,造成错误的决定。Asamethodofshiftingresponsibilityfromanindividualtoacollectivebasis.把会议当作一种将个人责任转移给大家的方法。Asadelayingorspoilingtactic.把会议作为一种拖延战术。Asameansofachievinga‘hiddenagenda’把会议当作一种获得“幕后动机”的方式。Problemrecentlyfindinmeeting会议中存在的问题Meetingswithout“meat”无实质内容的会议Whatisameeting?什么是会议?Agatheringofessentialparticipantsonly,eachofwhomhassomethingtocontribute,todiscussaproblemtouchingonalltheirinterests,toarriveatcertaindecisions,allasrequiredbythepre-determinedaimofmeetingitself.会议就是,几个参与者聚在一起,讨论一个涉及他们利益的问题,达成某些决议,取得会议本身预先设定的目标所要求的东西。CommunicationandInformation交流与信息Alldecisionsonameetingrevolvearoundaneedforcommunication.会议的所有决定都围绕交流的需要进行。Communicationisnotinformation.交流并不是信息。Case案例:IfAmeetsBandtellshimthattheproductiontargetforthisweekis1,000widgetshemayfeelheiscommunicatingwithB.如A与B相遇,A告诉B本周生产目标为1000个小部件,A也许认为自己与B是在交流。信息反馈交流Truecommunication真正的交流ExchangeofinformationandfeedbackItisadynamic,notapassive,processaffectingallparties信息交流及反馈是一个动态的、积极的、影响每个信息交流参与者的过程。Sender信息发出者Dataencoded信息编码Transmitted传送Received接收Decoded解码Recipient信息接收者Received接收Decoded解码Comprehension理解Clarification净化INFORMATIONFEEDBACKCOMMUNICATIONInformation≠communicationTypesofmeeting会议类型Face-to-face面对面Impromptuinformalgathering即席的非正式聚会Brainstorming自由讨论Adhoccommittee特别委员会Regularcommittee定期会议Formalmeeting正式会议Presentations陈述Publicmeetings公众集会TheBestMeeting:one-to-onemeeting最好的会议:一对一的会议Eyecontactandbodylanguageplaytheirpartinitsconduct.在这种会议中,眼神接触和身体语言起着一定的作用。Adequatepreparationandassessmentoftheotherparty’spossiblecasemayhelpattainobjectives.将对方可能的情况作充分准备和估量有助于达成目标。Allowingeachpartytogenerateandreceivefeedbackandtochecktheother’scomprehensionofmessagesbeingimparted,andtogainfurtherinputfromtheotherpartyimmediately.让与会双方给对方一些信息,同时接收对方给回的反馈,检查对方对所给信息的理解,然后立即再从对方获取更多的信息。Fortheinstigator,theycaneasilypreparepersuadetheother.对于煽动者而言,他们很有能力说服对方。Promulgatingyourcase公布你准备的方案1.Preparearguments&facts.准备论点及事实依据2.Considerpossiblecounter-argumentsandpreparedefensesorcounter-arguments.考虑可能遭遇到的对立观点,准备一下应对之策或反驳的论点论据。3.Consideralternative.考虑可选择的方法4.Considerwaystoavoidlossofface.考虑一些办法以避免丢脸。5.UsedevicesthatapplypressureonBtoagree.使用策略来给B方施加压力,迫其同意。6.GuidanceofBtomakeasuggestion引导B作出提议。Howtopreventtheone-to-onemeetingsintogroupmeetings:如何防止一对一会议变成小组会议Tacticsforone-to-onemeetings一对一会议的战术Creatinganacceptanceambience-inB’sdomain营造一种使对方接受的氛围8.Notonlypayacompliment,butalsoretainstheinitiativetotheinstigator不仅给予赞美,而且让对方保留主动权。9.JustbeforeanappointmentBmustkeep,putspressureonB.就在B必须履行的一个指定任务前,给B施加压力。10.Thetacticin(7)abovecanbeextendedbyAarrangingtobe‘interrupted’afterapre-settime.以上第七条提到的战略可以扩展为A在一个预设时间后安排一次中断。11.Exertlatentpressurebystanding.站立会给对方施加无形的压力。Tacticsforone-to-onemeetings一对一会议的战术(Continue)7.Whennecessary,useasubtlethreatoftheneedtobringthematterupatameeting.如果必要,则用巧妙的威胁让对方明白需要把此事提到会议上来。12.ArrangementinlessthancomfortablesurroundingssothatpressureisbroughttobearonBtoagree.把会议地点安排在不太舒适的地方,以便使对方产生压力,让其同意。13.Ifheisajuniorperson,holdthesessionintheBoardRome,orsimilar‘high-powered’location,andusingthe‘awe’ofthelocationtoaffectthemorejuniorperson.如果对方是下级,则在BoardRoom里或类似突出权力的地方举行会议,用下属对这些地方的敬畏之情来影响他们。14.IfagreementisnotforthcominganditseemsthatBisresistingallcoaxing,asuggestionthatthematterbethoughtoverpriortoanothersessionatafixedtimeonthefollowingday,maycreatepressureforagreement,.Inthemeantimeyoumaybeabletouseathirdpartytopromoteyourcause.如果B似乎仍不吃这一套,达不成协议,则建议他仔细考虑,明天在某个时间再开会,这样也许会给B造成压力,使之接受协议。在这段时间内,你也可让第三方去进一步说服对方。Tacticsforone-to-onemeetings一对一会议的战术(Continue)1.Establishthefacts预测对方的观点,以形成对会谈的初步印象。2.Acceptdifferentviews要承认事物都有其两面性,对方也许会有不同看法(即使存在明显的逻辑错误)。3.Researchthebackgroundoftheotherpartyandendeavortoassesstheirlikelypreferredoutcomeandmannerofapproach.研究对方的背景,尽力估计对方所乐意的结果及商谈方式AspectsofNegotiation商谈技巧的方方面面Meetingsandtheirmanipulationentailsanunderstandingoftheprinciplesofnegotiation.会议及会议控制所需要了解的商谈原则。4.Givenweightandcredencetotheviewsoftheotherside.直接驳斥对方观点,可能会激起对方的不满,因为大多数人都期望得到认同,并对他的成就有一种自豪感。必须意识到对方的这种愿望并加以利用,适当的奉承会取得非常的效果。5.Sublimateyourownprimepreferencestoachieveconsensusandassesswhetherthereisasubstitutionalsolutionacceptabletoboth.改变一下你本来想达到的