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1、Geographicalinformationsystems地理信息系统Geo-referenceddata地理参照数据datacapture数据获取Dataintegration数据集成projectionandregistration投影与匹配Datastructures数据结构informationretrieval信息检索Topologicalmodeling拓扑建模networkanalysis网络分析Overlay叠置dataoutput数据输出2、discreteobjects离散对象rasterdata格数据Vectordata矢量数据continuousfields连续字段Spatialdatamodel空间数据模型digitalterrainmodel（DTM）数字地面模型Digitalelevationmodel（DEM）数字高程模型Exhaustiveenumeration穷举法run-lengthencoding行程长度编码Hierarchicalfile层次文件relationalfile关系文件3、geo-referencing空间参照geodesy大地测量学Mapprojections地图投影coordinatesystems坐标系统Datum基准面ellipsoid椭球体Geoid大地基准面gravity万有引力Earth’ssphericalgraticule地球球面坐标网Cartesiancoordinates笛卡尔坐标Lambertazimuthalequal-areaprojection朗伯等积方位投影Polarcoordinate极坐标gnomonicprojection心射切面投影Albersequal-areaconicprojection阿尔伯斯等积圆锥投影Developablesurface投影面orthographicprojection正射投影4、location定位attribute属性Arcs（lines）弧线polygons（traversedareas）多边形Points（labelednodes）点（标识节点）nodes（intersectionpoints）节点（交汇点）Datacollection数据采集coloraerialphotograph彩色航空照片Syntheticapertureradar合成孔径雷达benchmarkpoint基准点Scanner扫描仪on-screen/heads-updigitizing幕数字化Uncertainty不确定性error误差Accuracy准确性precision精确性Topologycreation拓扑创建indexing索引5、spatialanalysis空间分析databasequery数据库查询Reclassification重分类generalization概括Ranking分级geometry几何学Overlayanalysis叠加分析connectivityanalysis连通性分析Spatialinterpolation空间插值standardquerylanguage（SQL）标准化查询语言Polygon多边形proximityanalysis邻近域分析Networkanalysis网络分析Geo-statistics地统计学Inversedistanceweightedinterpolation（IDW）反距离加权内插法Geo-visualization空间可视化6、environmentalmanagementandconservation环境管理与保护Environmentalplanning环境规划landscape景观Environmentalhazardsandrisks环境灾害与监测Environmentalassessmentandmonitoring环境评价与监测Environmentalmodel环境模型airpollution&control大气污染与控制Disastermanagement灾害管理publichealth公共卫生Siteanalysis位置分析healthinsuranceorganization健康保险组织Healthcare卫生保健7、remotesensing遥感sensor传感器Electromagneticradiation电磁辐射radiometer辐射计Electro-opticalscanner光学扫描仪radarsystem雷达系统Platform遥感平台electromagneticspectrum电磁波谱Electricalfield电场magneticfield磁场Blackbody黑体Planckradiationlaw普朗克定律Stefan-Boltzmann’slaw波尔兹曼定律Wien’sdisplacementlaw维恩位移定律Rayleighscattering瑞利散射Miescattering米氏散射Nonselectivescattering非选择性散射atmosphericwindows大气窗口specularreflector镜面反射perfectdiffusereflector漫反射（朗伯反射）irregularreflector不规则反射spectralreflectancecurve反射波谱曲线8、platform遥感平台meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星TIRO-1（TelevisionandInfraredObservationSatellite-1）电视和红外辐射观测卫星-1Near-polarorbit近极地轨道sun-synchronous太阳同步轨道GOES（GeostationaryOperationalEnvironmentalSatellite）静止同步环境应用卫星AdvancedVeryHighResolutionRadiometers(AVHRR)甚高分辨率辐射计Returnbeamvidicon反束光导摄像管multispectralScanner（MSS）多光谱扫描仪ThematicMapper专题测图仪pushbroom推扫式SPOT（SystemePourl’ObservationdelaTerre）地球观察卫星系统CNES（CentreNationald’EtudesSpatiales国家空间研究中心）highresolutionvisible（HRV）sensors高分辨可视成像传感器Charge-coupleddevices（CCDs）电荷耦合器件panchromatic（PLA）全色multispectral（MLA）多波段WFI(WideFieldImager)广角成像仪earthobservingsystem（EOS）地球观测系统CBERS(China-BrazilErathResourcesSatellite)中巴地球资源卫星IRMSS(InfraredMultispectralScanner)红外多光谱扫描仪MODIS(ModerateResolutionImagingSpectro-radiometer)中分辨率成像光谱仪CoastalZoneColourScanner（CZCS）海按去彩色扫描器MarineObservationSatellite(MOS)莫斯（海洋观测卫星）MultispectralElectronicSelf-scanningRadiometer(MESSR)多光谱电子自扫描仪辐射计VisibleandThermalInfraredRadiometer(VTIR)可见光与热红外辐射计MicrowaveScanningRadiometer(MSR)微波扫描辐射计SeaWiFS(Sea-viewingWide-Field-ofViewSensor)海洋观测广角感测仪RADAR（radiodetectionandranging）雷达（无线电测距与定位）Allweather全天候altimeter高度计Scatterometer散射计pulse脉冲Backscattered后向散射polarization极化Realapertureradar（RAR）真是孔径雷达rangeoracross-trackresolution距离分辨率Azimuthoralong-trackresolution方位分辨率beamwidth脉冲宽度Syntheticapertureradar(SAR)合成孔径雷达Dopplereffect多普勒效应9、analogimage模拟图像digitalimage数字图像Pixel像素spectralresolution光谱分辨率Radiometricresolution辐射分辨率spatialresolution空间分辨率Temporalresolution时间分辨率instantaneousfieldofview（IFOV）瞬时视场角Channel/band波段radiometriccorrection辐射校正Sensorcorrection传感器校正atmospherecorrection大气校正Illuminationandgeometrycorrection照明与地形校正Geometriccorrection几何校正groundcontrolpoint地面控制点Nearestneighbor最邻近法bilinearinterpolation双线性内插法Cubicconvolution三次卷积内插法resampling重采样Contrastenhancement对比增强imagehistogram图像直方图Linearcontraststretch线性拉伸法histogram-equalizedstretch直方图均衡法Spatialfiltering空间域滤波convolutionfilter卷积滤波Low-pass（smoothing）filter低通（平滑）滤波imageintegration数据融合High-pass（sharpening）filter高通（锐化）滤波Laplacianfilter拉普拉斯算子滤波Directional，oredgedetectionfilter方向/边缘检测滤波Imagearithmeticoperations图像运算additionofimages图像加和运算Multiplicationofimage图像乘积运算imagedivisionorspectralratioing图像比值运算Normalizeddifferencevegetationindex（NDVI）归一化植被指数Hue，saturationandintensity（HIS）transformHIS（色调，明度和饱和度）变换Hexconemodel六角锥体模型imagetransformation图像变换Imagesubtraction图像差值运算principalcomponentsanalysis主成分分析Digitalelevationordigitalterrainmodels（DEMs/DTMs）数字高程/地形模型10、tone色调shape形状size大小Site位置pattern图型texture纹理Shadow阴影association布局Spectralpatternrecognition光谱模式识别supervisedclassification监督分类Unsupervisedclassification非监督分类trainingarea训练区Minimum-distanceclassification最小距离分类法Euclidiandistance欧氏距离NormalizedEuclidiandistance标准欧氏距离mahalanobisdistance马氏距离Parallelpipedclassfier平心分类法clusteringalgo