高考英语专题总结：短文改错

2015全国新课标Ⅰ卷新题型——短文改错Contents2.高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则1.高考短文改错答题规范及考点分布3.短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳4.高考短文改错演练本题满分10分，给出一篇约110个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。注意答题说明及答题规范文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加（1个）在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除（1个）把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。不计分。修改（8个）在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。注意答题说明及答题规范高考短文改错考点分布以忠实原文为原则（不改变原文的原意）.以改变实词形式为原则.以错误改动最少为原则.以添加或删除虚词为原则.以多“改正”少“添删加或删除”为原则．高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则五原则三步高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则通读全文，把握大意细读各句，仔细斟酌再读全文,复核审查四不改标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。单词拼写不改。高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面。短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳动词形【2011全国卷I】Iholdmylunch-boxinmyhandwhenIwasgoingtoschool.Thesmellfromitwasverygoodheld【2013新课标Ⅱ】TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.drunk【2014辽宁卷】Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.has【2015四川卷】AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.told解题思路(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动.【2015四川卷】AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.friends指名词单、复数形式及可数名词与不可数名词的用法错误。短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳名词数told【2014新课标Ⅱ】Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.hours【2012辽宁卷】...therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.milesItfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.luggage【2011课标】1.修饰名词，作宾补及连系动词后用形容词；2.修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子时用副词；3.比较级和最高级的使用。短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳形容词、副词【2012辽宁卷】Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Unfortunately【2013四川卷】Ifoundthetestdifficulty,butItriedhardlytodoit.difficulthard【2013浙江卷】Iwasawfullytiring.tired【2015陕西卷】Mymothermakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.best主要错误为三种：非谓语的混淆；不定式to的遗漏或多用；非谓语与谓语动词的混淆。短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳非谓语动词【2010重庆卷】Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.to∨【2012陕西卷】IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.taken【2011新课标】IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.buying【2014辽宁卷】It'sdifficulttounderstandingwhy...understand解题思路(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握.losemyheartsuchmanypeopleinhurryinashortinSundayafternoona∨onso短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳介词、短语主要考察固定短语、固定介词的搭配。【2011浙江卷】Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoy.∨of【2011陕西卷】...abouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding【2013辽宁卷】Everyday,hespendstoomuchtimewithhiswork.onabout【2014四川卷】Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarm...解题思路(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来.1.人称代词的性别，单复数及代词格的误用；2.物主代词，反身代词以及不定代词的误用；3.“it”一词的不当使用(包括从句中用作形式主语或宾语)；4.Whose和who’s，its和it’s的混淆．代词方面的错误主要体现在：短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳代词格【2012陕西卷】...IwasgoingtorecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.mineyou【2014四川卷】...,yourteacherwillleadusbacktothecalssroom.Ifyounoticethat...【2015浙江卷】Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.it【2015新课标Ⅰ】Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.ourfind解题思路(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。句法涉及到一致,从句多考引导词（误用，多用或遗漏）【2011辽宁卷】...therateofUFOreportsweresteady...was短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳句子成分【2013课标Ⅱ】...providesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightbeserveduntil8o'clokatnight.which【2015课标Ⅱ】...heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscared...that【2015陕西卷】MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.when/while解题思路（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；（2）不同的语境要选择不同的词语。（3）只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。冠词常考的错误形式有：冠词the,a,an的误用，多用或少用。【2014全国卷II】Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtrees...短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳冠词、连词【2015课标Ⅰ】NowI'mlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.∨the连词常考but，and，or,so等的逻辑用法错误，以及搭配错误。【2011陕西卷】Ididn'thavemycamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometoget.so/and短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳∨it【2013四川卷】Wewerewarnednottocheatagainsoshewouldneedtoseeourparents.or【2015课标Ⅰ】Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.andWhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrilization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.thought∨theandwith【2015课标Ⅰ解析】Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we'lllivetoregretit.seriousairManyfindourPracticemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Advice道歉信主要内容：1.表示歉意，道歉的原由。2.出现差错的原因，做出解释。3.请求原谅，提出弥补措施。注意：语言要真挚，解释的理由要真实。Paragrpah11.Howareyoudoing?/Howiseverythinggoing?/Howislifetreatingyou?2.Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmyapology(regret)toyoufornotbeingableto.../Iamwritingtheselinestobegyourpardonfornotbeingableto.../Iamsorrytotellyouthat.../Iamtrulysorry,butI.../Ifeelsorryfor...andIwantyoutoknowwhathappened.Paragraph21.Thereasonisthat...2.Muchtomyregret,Iamunableto...Itismainlybecause...3.ThereasonwhyIamunableto...isthat...4.Icannot...Thatisowingtothefactthat...5.SoIhavenochoicebuttodo...Paragraph31.Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain.2.I(do)hopethatyoucanacceptmyapologyandunderstandme.3.Ihopethatthisdoesnotcauseyoutoomuchinconvenicence4.IwanttoletyouknowhowregretfulIamfeelingnow.5.Onceagain,Iamreallysorryforanyinconvenicencecaused.1.Iwould