Mixing-visual-and-textual-programming-in-functiona

MixingVisualandTextualProgramminginaFunctionalLanguagebyGekunSongAthesissubmittedtotheFacultyofGraduateStudiesinPartialFulllmentoftherequirementsfortheDegreeofMASTEROFSCIENCESupervisedbyDr.T.C.NicholasGrahamTheGraduateProgrammeinComputerScienceDepartmentofComputerScienceYorkUniversityNorthYork,Ontario,CanadaContents1Introduction11.1MotivationfortheMixed-formLanguage::::::::::::::21.1.1WhyUserInterfacesAreHardtoDevelop:::::::::21.1.2WhyBuildSupportintotheLanguage:::::::::::41.1.3TextualLanguagesvs.VisualLanguages::::::::::51.1.4ImperativeLanguagesvs.DeclarativeLanguages:::::51.2TheMixed-formLanguage::::::::::::::::::::::61.3ThesisOverview:::::::::::::::::::::::::::102Relatedwork122.1PurelyTextualApproaches:::::::::::::::::::::122.1.1Xttoolkit:::::::::::::::::::::::::::122.1.2InterViews::::::::::::::::::::::::::132.2VisualLanguages:::::::::::::::::::::::::::152.2.1Pict/D:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::152.2.2ThingLab:::::::::::::::::::::::::::172.3HybridApproaches::::::::::::::::::::::::::182.3.1NeXTInterfaceBuilder:::::::::::::::::::192.3.2HyperCard::::::::::::::::::::::::::202.3.3GVL:GraphicalViewLanguage::::::::::::::232.3.4Pic++:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::242.3.5VisualWorks:::::::::::::::::::::::::262.4Conclusion::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::273ClockSystemandtheTextualViewLanguage29vi3.1TheClockHierarchicalArchitecture::::::::::::::::313.2ComponentSpecication:::::::::::::::::::::::373.2.1EventHandlers::::::::::::::::::::::::393.2.2RequestHandlers:::::::::::::::::::::::443.3TheClockTextualViewLanguage:::::::::::::::::453.3.1TheUnderlyingViewModel::::::::::::::::463.3.2BasicConceptsofCoordinateSpaces:::::::::::483.3.3DisplayPrimitives::::::::::::::::::::::493.3.4TheViewsPrimitive:::::::::::::::::::::543.3.5CoordinatesandCoordinateSpaces::::::::::::553.3.6ThePositioningPrimitive:::::::::::::::::583.3.7FunctionEvaluation:::::::::::::::::::::593.3.8Conclusion::::::::::::::::::::::::::604Mixed-formVisual-textualProgramming634.1Motivation::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::634.1.1Norman’sGulfsofExecutionandEvaluation:::::::654.1.2GapbetweenPicturesandTheirTextualRepresentations674.1.3PoorComprehensibilityofTextualRepresentations::::724.1.4ShortcomingsofGraphicalPrimitives:::::::::::744.2Mixed-formProgramminginClock:::::::::::::::::764.2.1AnEqualizerApplication::::::::::::::::::774.2.2AdvantagesOeredbyMixed-formProgramming:::::834.2.3Mixed-formProgramminginClock:::::::::::::844.2.4TheGraphicalEditor::::::::::::::::::::854.3GraphicalPrimitivesintheMixed-formLanguage::::::::89vii4.3.1CanvasandPositioningPrimitives:::::::::::::894.3.2DisplayPrimitives::::::::::::::::::::::914.3.3FunctionEvaluationPrimitive:::::::::::::::924.3.4TheGroupingTool::::::::::::::::::::::934.4DesignTradeos:::::::::::::::::::::::::::945SyntaxandSemanticsoftheMixed-formViewLanguage965.1SyntaxoftheMixed-formLanguage::::::::::::::::975.2SemanticsoftheMixed-formLanguage:::::::::::::::995.2.1MappingfromGraphicalPrimitivestoTextualEquivalents1006Mixed-formViewSpecicationExamples1086.1AScoreBoard::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1086.2AnInteractiveCalculator::::::::::::::::::::::1116.3ABBEfacility::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1186.4Conclusion::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1207SummaryandConclusion1227.1ThesisSummary:::::::::::::::::::::::::::1227.1.1ProblemswithPurelyTextualorVisualLanguages::::1227.1.2TheMixed-formVisual/TextualLanguage:::::::::1247.2FutureWorksfortheClockSystem:::::::::::::::::1257.3Conclusion::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::126viiiListofFigures1Anexampleofmixed-formClockprogram.Thedisplayviewfunc-tionisspeciedwithbothtextualandgraphicalprimitives.Thepicturegeneratedbythismixed-formspecicationisalsoillus-trated.Thefoursmallmagnetsattachedtoeachboxareusedtospecifygeometricconstraints.:::::::::::::::::::::72Agraphicalspecicationanditscorrespondingtextualrepresen-tation.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::93AgraphicaldenitionofaMidPointLine.Thedenitionincludeslabelsfortheline’sendpointsandmidpoint,P1,P2andM.Thenetworkontherightconstraintthevalueofthemidpointtobeequaltotheaverageofthevaluesofthetwoendpointsoftheline.184ThestructurediagramofHyperCard.:::::::::::::::225AnillustrationoftheHyperCardinheritancechain.::::::::236TheoverloadedplusoperatorandtheGroupfunctioninPic++.267Acalculatorapplicationanditsarchitecturetree.Thecalculatoriscomposedofadisplayscreenandakeypad.Thekeypadismadeupofnumericalkeys,operatorandfunctionalkeys.:::::328Eventhandler\EqualKeyandrequesthandler\Depressed.::339Anarchitecturetreeforthecalculatorprogramshowingrequesthandlers.Foreachtreenode,eventhandlerisdrawnattheleftandrequesthandlersattheright.:::::::::::::::::::34ix10Architecturaldetailsofthe\NkPushablecomponent.Inthisgraphicalrepresentation,alinewithonearrowdenotesaupdateorinput.Alinewithtwoarrowsdenotesarequest.Singlearrowlinesontherightsideofacomponentrepresentupdatesissuedbythecomponentandsinglearrowedlinesonthelefthandrepresentupdatesorinputstakenbythecomponent.Doublearrowedlinesontherightsiderepresentrequestsissuedbythecomponentanddoublearrowedlinesontheleftsid