高中构词法

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构词法—高中部分构词法:合成(Compounding)eg:classroom派生法(Derivation)词根root,前缀prefix/后缀suffixinternationalunluckily转化法(Conversion)【词性转换】waterclean合成(Compounding)blackboardspaceshiphalf-understandfirst-classman-madegood-lookingsometimesbeforehand•加前缀:happy---___happy•加后缀:develop---develop_______•既加前缀又加后缀:employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词(derivation)派生法(Derivation)---词缀法1.前缀:Pre-Pre-reading,preview,prepayRe-Rewrite,reconsider,reuse(前)(重新)dis-(不)disagree,dislike,disappearmisunderstand,misleadmis–(错误或失当)miniskirt,minibussupermarket,supermansuper-(超级)mini-(微小)in/im-(不)incorrectimpossibleforeseeforetell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前,预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半,部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止,抗)underground,under-developunder-(在……下,在……中)常见的后缀1.名词后缀:-er-or-ist-ment-ity-ion-ation-hood-nesswork,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,piano,art,child,brother,act,kindhappycreate,conclude,move,possible常见的后缀1.名词后缀:-er-or-tion-ment-nessteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementKindnesshappiness-ity-ist-hood-ion名词后缀:ability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,creation,conclusion常见的后缀2.形容词后缀:-ous-ful/less-able/-ible-ant,-ent-ary-aldangerous,humoroushelpful,careful/uselessmoveable,acceptableeatable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntaryseasonal,natural3.副词性的词缀:-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards4.动词性的词缀:en-un--ize,-(i)fy,enrichenableenlargeensureendangerencourageunloaduncoverunfoldunpackuncageunlockrealize,organizerecognizeapologize,modernizesimplifybeautifysatisfyclarifyclassifyidentify转化法(Conversion)tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittasteverygood.recordn.记录v.记录Hebroketherecord.Herecordssomethingwhilereadingabook.correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是英语构词法–前缀(1)•掌握一些英语构词法,对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助,下面笔者列举一些常用的词缀和词根。常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-,an-,asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-,none,neither,nevernon-,noesenseneg-,neglectun-unable,unemployment2)表示错误的意义•male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失调)•mis-,mistake,mislead•pseudo-,pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思•de-,defend,demodulation(解调)•dis-,disarm,disconnect•un-,unload,uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思•anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign,(排外的)•contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流)•counter-,counterreaction,counterbalance•ob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupy•with-,withdraw,withstand2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a-表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard,aside,2)by-表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路)3)circum-,circu-,表示“周围,环绕,回转”,circumstance,circuit2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀4)de-,表示“在下,向下”descend,degrade5)en-,表示“在内,进入”encage,enbed(上床)6)ex-,ec-,es-,表示“外部,外”exit,eclipse,expand,export2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀•7)extra-,表示“额外”extraction(提取)•8)fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground•9)in-,il-,im-,ir-,表示“向内,在内,背于”inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀10)inter-,intel-,表示“在……间,相互”international,interaction,internet11)intro-,表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce,introduce12)medi-,med-,mid-,表示“中,中间”Mediterranean,midposition2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀13)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline,outside,outward14)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook,overhead,overboard15)post-,表示向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀16)pre-,表示在前”在前面”prefix,preface,preposition17)pro-,表示“在前,向前”progress,proceed,18)sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-,表示“在下面,下”subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀19)super-,sur-,表示“在…..之上”superficial,surface,superstructure20)trans-,表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate,transform,transoceanic、21)under-,表示“在…..下面,下的”underline,underground,underwater22)up-,表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)

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