Unit-6-How-Pixar-fosters-collective-crativity

HowPixarFostersCollectiveCreativitybyEdCatmull•EdCatmullDr.EdCatmullisoneofthethreefoundingfathersofPixar.HeisacomputerscientistandcurrentpresidentofPixarAnimationStudiosandWaltDisneyAnimationStudios.Asacomputerscientist,Catmullhascontributedtomanyimportantdevelopmentsincomputergraphics.[6][7]•HowPixarFostersCollectiveCreativitywaspublishedinHowardBusinessReview《哈佛商业评论》in2008.HarvardBusinessReview(HBR)isageneralmanagementmagazinepublishedbyHarvardBusinessPublishing,awhollyownedsubsidiaryofHarvardUniversity.HBR'sarticlescoverawiderangeoftopicsthatarerelevanttodifferentindustries,managementfunctions,andgeographiclocations.Thesefocusonsuchareasasleadership,organizationalchange,negotiation,strategy,operations,marketing,finance,andmanagingpeople.Pixar(PixarAnimationStudios)•basedinCalifornia•Foundedin1986byJohnLasseter,SteveJobs,EdCatmull•BoughtbyTheWaltDisneyCompanyin2006•earned27AcademyAwards,sevenGoldenGlobeAwards,andelevenGrammyAwards•JohnAlanLasseter(bornJanuary12,1957)isanAmericananimator,filmdirector,screenwriter,producerandthechiefcreativeofficeratPixar,WaltDisneyAnimationStudios,andDisneyToonStudios.HeisalsothePrincipalCreativeAdvisorforWaltDisneyImagineering.•HehaswontwoAcademyAwards,forAnimatedShortFilm(forTinToy),aswellasaSpecialAchievementAward(forToyStory).•LasseterbeganhiscareerasananimatorwithTheWaltDisneyCompany.AfterbeingfiredfromDisneyforpromotingcomputeranimation,hejoinedLucasfilm,whereheworkedonthethen-groundbreakinguseofCGIanimation.TheGraphicsGroupoftheComputerDivisionofLucasfilmwassoldtoSteveJobsandbecamePixarin1986.LasseteroverseesallofPixar'sfilmsandassociatedprojectsasexecutiveproducer.Inaddition,hedirectedToyStory(1995),ABug'sLife(1998),ToyStory2(1999),Cars(2006),andCars2(2011).Since2007,healsooverseesallofWaltDisneyAnimationStudios'(anditsdivision,DisneyToonStudios')filmsandassociatedprojectsasexecutiveproducer.•CGI：computergraphicsinterface电脑图像界面•StevenJobs•Afterapowerstrugglewiththeboardofdirectorsin1985,JobsleftAppleandfoundedNeXT,acomputerplatformdevelopmentcompanyspecializinginthehigher-educationandbusinessmarkets.•In1986,heacquiredthecomputergraphicsdivisionofLucasfilm,whichwasspunoffasPixar.•DreamWorksAnimationSKG•梦工厂动画工作室•WaltDisney(迪士尼）•MickeyMouse•SnowWhiteandSevenDwafs•SleepingBeauty•BeautyandtheBeastMajorworks•EnglishnameChinesenameShowtime•1、【ToyStory】玩具总动员1995.11.22•2、【ABug‘sLife】虫虫危机1998.11.27•3、【ToyStory2】玩具总动员21999.11.24•4、【Monsters,Inc】怪物公司2001.11.2•5、【FindingNemo】海底总动员2003.5.30•6、【TheIncredibles】超人总动员2004.11.5•7、【Cars】汽车总动员2006.6.9•8、【Ratatouille】美食总动员2007.6.29•9、【WALL·E】机器人总动员2008.6.27•10、【Up】飞屋环游记2009.5.29•11、【ToyStory3】玩具总动员32010.6.18•12、【Cars2】汽车总动员2011.6.24•13、【Brave】勇敢传说2012.6.19OscarBestAnimationAward(奥斯卡最佳动画长片奖)•【FindingNemo】海底总动员2003.5.30•【TheIncredibles】超人总动员2004.11.5•【Ratatouille】美食总动员2007.6.29•【WALL·E】机器人总动员2008.6.27•【Up】飞屋环游记2009.5.29•【ToyStory3】玩具总动员32010.6.18cvv•Questions:WhyisPixarsosuccessfulasananimationstudio?What’sthecorporatecultureofPixar?WhatisthepeercultureinPixar?Discussion:“Ifyougiveagoodideatoamediocreteam,theywillscrewitup;ifyougiveamediocreideatoagreatteam,theywilleitherfixitorthrowitawayandcomeupwithsomethingthatworks?”–EdCatmullDoyouagreewithit?Why?•TextAnalysis•part1para.1-para.3•para.1Almostalwaysthere’sa50/50split,whichhasastoundedmebecauseIcouldn’tdisagreemorewiththestudioexecutive.••astound:shock•para.2•Andinmakingthesefilms,wehavecontinuedtopushthetechnologicalboundariesofcomputeranimation,securingdozensofpatentsintheprocess.•在这些电影的制作过程中，我们不断的扩展着电脑动画技术的疆域，也由此获得了大量专利。secureVIfyousecuresomethingthatyouwantorneed,youobtainit,oftenafteralotofeffort.争取到Federalleaderscontinuedtheireffortstosecureaceasefire.联邦政府的领导人们继续他们争取停火的努力。•Para.3WhileI'mnotfoolishenoughtopredictthatwewillneverhaveaflop,Idon'tthinkoursuccessislargelyluck.我没有蠢到预言说我们永远不会失败，但是我也不认为我们的成功只是因为运气好。flop:completefailurepara.3Wemustconstantlychallengeallofourassumptionsandsearchfortheflawsthatcoulddestroyourculture.flaw:mistake•part2para.4-8Whatiscreativity•creativityisacollectiveeffort.•Creativitymeanswehavetoputourselvesatgreatriskinsteadofavoidingrisk.Examplestoprovethispoint?para.4Theinitialideaforthemovie—whatpeopleinthemoviebusinesscall“thehighconcept”—ismerelyonestepinalong,arduousprocessthattakesfourtofiveyears.arduous:difficultanarduoustaskanarduousworkeranarduouswinterarduouspaths•para.5•It’slikeanarchaeologicaldigwhereyoudon’tknowwhatyou’relookingfororwhetheryouwillevenfindanything.Theprocessisdownrightscary.•这就像是在你不知道自己在找什么甚至不确定你能否有任何收获的情况下来做考古挖掘。整个过程都要非常小心翼翼。•para.7•Ifyouwanttobeorginal,youhavetoaccepttheuncertanity,evenwhenit'suncomfortable,andhavethecapabilitytorecoverwhenyourorganizationtakesabigriskandfails.•para.8•Thattakestrustandrespect,whichweasmanagerscan'tmandate,theymustbeearnedovertime.•这需要信赖和尊重，这是我们作为管理者无法强制的；它得靠时间来养成。•mandatev.授权，命令•para.8•Whatwecandoisconstructanenvironmentthatnurturestrustingandrespectfulrelationshipsandunleasheseveryone’screativity.•我们能做的只是建立一个能培养信赖和尊重的人际关系以及发挥每个人的创造力的环境。•unleash•leashv.束缚，用皮带绑住•Ifwegetthatright,theresultisa