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INSTRUCTOR’SMANUALTOACCOMPANYDatabaseSystemConceptsFifthEditionAbrahamSilberschatzYaleUniversityHenryF.KorthLehighUniversityS.SudarshanIndianInstituteofTechnology,BombayCopyright_c2005A.Silberschatz,H.Korth,andS.SudarshanContentsPreface1Chapter1IntroductionExercises3Chapter2RelationalModelExercises7Chapter3SQLExercises11Chapter4AdvancedSQLExercises19Chapter5OtherRelationalLanguagesExercises23Chapter6DatabaseDesignandtheE-RModelExercises33iiiivContentsChapter7RelationalDatabaseDesignExercises41Chapter8ApplicationDesignandDevelopmentExercises47Chapter9Object-BasedDatabasesExercises51Chapter10XMLExercises55Chapter11StorageandFileStructureExercises61Chapter12IndexingandHashingExercises65Chapter13QueryProcessingExercises69Chapter14QueryOptimizationExercises75Chapter15TransactionsExercises79Chapter16ConcurrencyControlExercises83Chapter17RecoverySystemExercises89ContentsvChapter18DataAnalysisandMiningExercises93Chapter19InformationRetrievalExercises99Chapter20Database-SystemArchitecturesExercises101Chapter21ParallelDatabasesExercises105Chapter22DistributedDatabasesExercises109Chapter23AdvancedApplicationDevelopmentExercises115Chapter24AdvancedDataTypesandNewApplicationsExercises119Chapter25AdvancedTransactionProcessingExercises123PrefaceThisvolumeisaninstructor’smanualforthe5theditionofDatabaseSystemConceptsbyAbrahamSilberschatz,HenryF.KorthandS.Sudarshan.Itcontainsanswerstotheexercisesattheendofeachchapterofthebook.Beforeprovidinganswerstotheexercisesforeachchapter,weincludeafewremarksaboutthechapter.Thenatureoftheseremarksvary.Theyincludeexplanationsoftheinclusionoromissionofcertainmaterial,andremarksonhowweteachthechapterinourowncourses.Theremarksalsoincludesuggestionsonmaterialtoskipiftimeisatapremium,andtipsonsoftwareandsupplementarymaterialthatcanbeusedforprogrammingexercises.TheWebhomepageofthebook,at::db-book-list@cs.yale.eduWewouldappreciateitifyouwouldnotifyusofanyerrorsoromissionsinthebook,aswellasintheinstructor’smanual.Internetelectronicmailshouldbeaddressedtodb-book@cs.yale.edu.PhysicalmailmaybesenttoAviSilberschatz,YaleUniversity,51ProspectStreet,NewHaven,CT,06520,USA.12PrefaceAlthoughwehavetriedtoproduceaninstructor’smanualwhichwillaidalloftheusersofourbookasmuchaspossible,therecanalwaysbeimprovements.Thesecouldincludeimprovedanswers,additionalquestions,sampletestquestions,programmingprojects,suggestionsonalternativeordersofpresentationofthematerial,additionalreferences,andsoon.Ifyouwouldliketosuggestanysuchimprovementstothebookortheinstructor’smanual,wewouldbegladtohearfromyou.Allcontributionsthatwemakeuseofwill,ofcourse,beproperlycreditedtotheircontributor.Thismanualisderivedfromthemanualsfortheearliereditions.Themanualforthe4theditionwaspreparedbyNileshDalvi,SumitSanghai,GauravBhalotiaandArvindHulgeri.Themanualforthe3rdeditionwaspreparedbyK.V.RaghavanwithhelpfromPrateekR.Kapadia.SaraStrandtmanhelpedwiththeinstructormanualforthe2ndand3rdeditions,whileGregSpeegleandDawnBezvinerhelpedustopreparetheinstructor’smanualforthe1stedition.A.S.H.F.K.S.S.InstructorManualVersion5.0.0CHAPTER1IntroductionExercises1.5Listfourapplicationswhichyouhaveused,thatmostlikelyusedadatabasesystemtostorepersistentdata.Answer:Noanswer1.6Listfoursignificantdifferencesbetweenafile-processingsystemandaDBMS.Answer:Somemaindifferencesbetweenadatabasemanagementsystemandafile-processingsystemare:•Bothsystemscontainacollectionofdataandasetofprogramswhichaccessthatdata.Adatabasemanagementsystemcoordinatesboththephysicalandthelogicalaccesstothedata,whereasafile-processingsystemcoordinatesonlythephysicalaccess.•Adatabasemanagementsystemreducestheamountofdataduplicationbyensuringthataphysicalpieceofdataisavailabletoallprogramsauthorizedtohaveaccesstoit,whereasdatawrittenbyoneprograminafile-processingsystemmaynotbereadablebyanotherprogram.•Adatabasemanagementsystemisdesignedtoallowflexibleaccesstodata(i.e.,queries),whereasafile-processingsystemisdesignedtoallowpredeterminedaccesstodata(i.e.,compiledprograms).•Adatabasemanagementsystemisdesignedtocoordinatemultipleusersaccessingthesamedataatthesametime.Afile-processingsystemisusuallydesignedtoallowoneormoreprogramstoaccessdifferentdatafilesatthesametime.Inafile-processingsystem,afilecanbeaccessedbytwoprogramsconcurrentlyonlyifbothprogramshaveread-onlyaccesstothefile.1.7Explainthedifferencebetweenphysic