2014年11月第37卷第6期JournalofForeignLanguagesNovember2014Vol.37No.61004-5139201406-0081-09H0A尚国文1,赵守辉2,31.1175702.50203.200083语言景观研究关注公共空间中的语言呈现问题。自上世纪末以来,国际上的语言景观已发展成社会语言学中一个热门的研究领域。本文在已有基础上,着重考察语言景观研究的认识论基础、分析维度以及理论构建情况,进一步阐述这一语言学前沿学科的研究动态。了解语言景观的研究内容与理论来源,有助于我国学者在相关领域研究的深入及视野的拓展。语言景观;社会语言学;语言标牌;语言政策;权势LinguisticLandscapeStudies:AnalyticalDimensionsandTheoreticalConstructionSHANGGuowen1,ZHAOShouhui2,3(1.CentreforLanguageStudies,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore;2.DepartmentofForeignLanguages,UniversityofBergen,Norway;3.InstituteofLinguistics,ShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity,Shanghai200083,China)Abstract∶Linguisticlandscapestudiesconcernthedisplayoflanguagesinpublicspace.Sincetheendoflastcentu-ryinternationallinguisticlandscapehasbecomeanemergingresearchareainsociolinguistics.Basedonpreviousstudiesthispaperfocusesontheepistemologicalbasisanalyticaldimensionsandtheoreticalconstructionoflinguis-ticlandscaperesearchinanattempttoprovideafullerpictureofthisfrontierlinguisticfield.AnunderstandingoftheresearchcontentsandtheoreticalsourceoflinguisticlandscapeinquiriesenableslinguisticresearchersinChinatodeepentheirrelevantstudiesandbroadentheirperspectives.Keywords∶linguisticlandscapesociolinguisticslinguisticsignslanguagepolicypower1.linguisticsigns。、、。———“”linguisticlandscape。“”2223。。51416203536。InternationalJournalofMultilingualismWorldEnglishes2006201218。JohnBenjaminsLinguisticLandscapesAnInternationalJournalElanaShohamyEliezerBen-Rafael。41。。。2.2.1语言景观的概念之争“”RodrigueLandryRichardY.Bourhis、、、、2225。、。“”publicspace、、、。15。“”。landscapeSpolsky“linguisticlandscape”、37。“”linguisticcityscape81237。“”placesemiotics33、“”languageinthepublicspace34、“”semioticlandscape20。“”。2.2研究对象与方法的特殊性、、。、、、、、、、、、。、。。。top-downsigns、、bottom-upsigns、、。。Backhaus1。。。40%。41。28、、、、。、。2.3语言景观研究的意义。。。。。、。symbolicfunction。。。“”carryovereffect。3458。reshape。2.4语言景观的早期研究及其局限“”Landry&Bourhis1997。1。Rosenbaumetal.Spolsky&Cooper3138Tulp40Monnier26。1。。2。3。。4、。。3.。、、。。governmentality、。publicsphere、、、、、、、buffer。“”“”“”refeudalization。42。。、、。。384.。—。4.1语言景观与语言权势和地位、。Landry&Bourhisethnolinguisticvitality22。。。visibilitysalience。“”“”“”“”。。。。。。Ben-Rafael。4。。Shohamy34121。14。manipulated。Basque7。“”—“”9。“”。。。Shohamy34。。28。。4.2语言政策与具体实施之间的落差261。。。、、、。。1977“101”、、、、13。48。。Monnier。。26。defacto。、、、、、。4.3标牌语言的形式特征。、。。Myers“”“”27。Rush32。、。。、。、。。。Huebner17。。。4.4英语的国际传播和扩散。。。。McArthurUppsala45%58%25。。。Phillipson“”linguisticimperialism29。、、、、30。Curtin、、10。HultMalm、19。。。、。4.5语言景观的历史维度、。Spolsky&Cooper38。Leeman&Modan23。70-8058。90。。。。、、multimodal。。。。5.36。、41Scollon&Scollon33Huebner18。Ben-Rafael、SpolskyTrumper-Hecht。。5.1语言景观的构建原则。Ben-Rafaelstructurationprinciple34。presentationofself。Goffman11。“”。。、。“”。good-reasons。。Boudon6、、、。、、、。。。collectiveidentity。。“”。“vegetarian”。powerrelations。。Bourdieu3。。。Ben-Rafael3。。685.2语言景观的语言选择理论。Spolsky3738。。1。。。2。。。3。。Spolsky。SpolskyKallen21。1、、。2、、。3。、。。5.3语言景观三维分析模型·HenriLefebvre24。、、。spatialpractice、conceivedspacelivedspace。、、。。Trumper-Hecht39。。。、visibility。Trumper-Hecht1physical“”、。2political“”。3experiential“”。。6.、、。1997。。、1341。。。。781BackhausP.LinguisticLandscapesAcomparativestudyofurbanmultilingualisminTokyoM.ClevedonMultilingualMatters2007.2BamgboseA.LanguageplanningandlanguagepoliciesIssuesandprospectsA.P.G.J.vanSterkenburg.LinguisticsTodayFacingaGreaterChallengeC.AmsterdamJohnBenjamins2004.61-88.3Ben-RafaelE.AsociologicalapproachtothestudyoflinguisticlandscapesA.E.Shohamy&D.Gorter.Lin-guisticLandscapeExpandingtheSceneryC.LondonRoutledge2009.40-54.4BenRafaelE.ShohamyE.AmaraM.&N.Trumper-Hecht.LinguisticlandscapeassymbolicconstructionofthepublicspaceThecaseofIsraelJ.InternationalJournalofMultilingualism2006317-30.5BlommaertJ.EthnographySuperdiversityandLinguisticLandscapesChroniclesofComplexityM.BristolMultilingualMatters2013.6BoudonR.Laplacedudésordre.CritiquedesthéoriesduchangementsocialM.ParisQuadrige1990.7CenozJ.&D.Gorter.LinguisticlandscapeandminoritylanguagesJ.InternationalJournalofMultilingual-ism20063167-80.8CoulmasF.LinguisticlandscapingandtheseedofthepublicsphereA.E.Shohamy&D.Gorter.LinguisticLandscapeExpandingtheSceneryC.LondonRoutledge2009.13-249CouplandN.Welshlinguisticlandscapes‘fromabove’and‘frombelow’A.A.Jaworski&C.Thurlow.Se-mioticLandscapesLanguageImageSpaceC.LondonContinuum2010.77-101.10CurtinM.LanguagesondisplayIndexicalsignsidentitiesandthelinguisticlandscapeofTaipeiA.E.Shohamy&D.Gorter.LinguisticLandscapeExpandingtheSceneryC.LondonRoutledge2009.221-237.11GoffmanE.BehaviourinPublicPlacesM.NewYorkFreePress1963.12GorterD.LinguisticLandscapeANewApproachtoMultilingualismC.ClevedonMultilingualMatters2006.13GorterD.&J.Cenoz.KnowledgeaboutlanguageandlinguisticlandscapeA.J.Cenoz&N.H.Hornberger.EncyclopediaofLanguageandEducationVol6KnowledgeaboutLanguageC.NewYorkSpringer2008.343-355.14GorterD.MartenH.F.&L.vanMensel.MinorityLanguagesintheLinguisticLandscapeC.Basing-stokePalgraveMacmillan2012.15HanauerD.I.ScienceandthelinguisticlandscapeAgenreanalysisofrepresentationalwallspaceinamicro-biologylaboratoryA.E.Shohamy&D.Gorter.Linguis