Comparison-&-Contrast-essay

ComparisonandContrastAnothercommonpattern:•Acomparisonorcontrastessayisanessayinwhichyoueithercomparesomethingorcontrastsomething.•Acomparisonessayisanessayinwhichyouemphasizethesimilarities,andacontrastessayisanessayinwhichyouemphasizethedifferences.Questionsyoucananswerbycomparingandcontrasting•theformsofgovernmentofChinaandtheGreatBritain.•TomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.(MarkTwain)•methodsforpromotinganewbusiness,product,orservice.•BuddhismandTaoism.•Decidewhichuniversitytoattend,whichcartobuy,orwhethertodriveacaroranairplanetoavacationsite.Writeacomparisonparagraph•Myhometownandmycollegetownhaveseveralthingsincommon.•ThetownofmyAlmaMaterandShanghaiaresimilarinmanyways.Example1:ComparisonparagraphMyhometownandmycollegetownhaveseveralthingsincommon.First,botharesmallruralcommunities.Forexample,myhometown,Kent,hasapopulationofonlyabout10,000people.Similarly,mycollegetown,Portland,consistsofabout11,000localresidents.Thispopulationswellsto15,000peoplewhenthecollegestudentsareattendingclasses.Asecondwayinwhichthesetwotownsaresimilaristhattheyarebothlocatedinruralareas.Kentissurroundedbymanyacresoffarmlandwhichisdevotedmainlytogrowingcornandsoybeans.Inthesameway,Portlandliesinthecenteroffarmlandwhichisusedtoraisepigsandcattle.Thirdly,thesetownsaresimilarinthattheycontaincollegecampuses.Kent,forexample,ishometoKentCollege,whichisfamousforitsAgriculturalEconomicsprogramaswellasforitsannualFlowerFestival.Likewise,thetownofPortlandboaststhebeautifulcampusofStantonCollege,whichiswellknownforitsAgriculturalEngineeringdepartmentandalsoforitsyearlyInventionContest.Example2:ComparisonparagraphInspiteofthesedifferences,thesimilaritiesbetweenthetwocitiesarestriking.First,bothcitiesarethepoliticalcentersoftheircountries.ThepresidentofFrancelivesintheheartofParis,intheElyseesPalace.Likewise,thepresidentoftheUnitedStateshasitsmeetingplaceinWashington,intheCapitol.Second,thetwocitieslooksimilar.L’Enfant,theFrenchengineerwhodesignedWashington,wasgreatlyinfluencedbythelayoutofthecapitalofFrance.Forthisreason,manyofthebuildingsandmonumentsinWashingtonaresymmetricallylocatedinviewsofoneanother,justastheyareinParis.Bothcitiesarealsothesitesofmagnificentmonuments,importanthistoricallandmarks,finemuseums,beautifulparks,andboard,tree-linedavenues.Finally,tourismisasimportantforWashingtonasitisforParisEveryyearmillionsoftouristsfromallpartsoftheworldvisitthesecitiestoviewtheirattractions.Example3:ContrastparagraphEventhoughArizonaandRhodeIslandarebothstatesoftheU.S.,theyarestrikinglydifferentinmanyways.Firstofall,thephysicalsizeofeachstateisdifferent.Arizonaislarge,havinganareaof114,000squaremiles,whereasRhodeIslandisonlyaboutatenththesize,havinganareaofonly1,214squaremiles.Anotherdifferenceisinthesizeofthepopulationofeachstate.Arizonahasaboutfourmillionpeoplelivinginit,butRhodeIslandhaslessthanonemillion.Thetwostatesalsodifferinthekindsofnaturalenvironmentsthateachhas.Forexample,Arizonaisaverydrystate,consistingoflargedesertareasthatdonotreceivemuchrainfalleveryyear.However,RhodeIslandislocatedinatemperatezoneandreceivesanaverageof44inchesofrainperyear.Inaddition,whileArizonaisalandlocked(被陆地包围的)stateandthushasnoseashore,RhodeIslandliesontheAtlanticOceananddoeshaveasignificantcoastline.II.HowtoorganizetheessayIntroductionandConclusion•Theintroductionofyouressayshouldmentionbothsubjectsandendwithastrongandclearlydefinedthesisstatement.•Theconclusionofyourpapershouldincludefinalcorrelations(相互关系)aboutthetwosubjectsandarestatementofyourthesis.III.OrganizationPattern1.theblockpattern2.thepoint-by-pointpattern1.blockpattern•giveallsupportingdetailsforonesubjectinoneblock;•andthengiveallsupportingdetailsfortheothersubjectinanotherblock.Example:WheretotakeavacationIntroduction:MountainA.DistanceB.ClimateC.TypesofactivitiesBeachA.DistanceB.ClimateC.TypesofactivitiesConclusion•Thenumberofparagraphsineachblockdependsonthetopic.Youmaywriteaboutallthesimilaritiesinasingleparagraph;ORyoumayneedtodiscusseachsimilarityinaseparateparagraph.Thesameistruefordifferences.•Youmayhaveoneparagraphofsimilaritiesandseveralparagraphsofdifferences,orviceversa.•Youcouldinsertatransitionparagraph.2.Point-by-pointpatternAlternate(交替,轮流)thedetailsfromonesideofthecomparisonorcontrasttotheother.Example:WheretotakeavacationFirstdifferencebetweenmountainsandbeachesisdistanceA.MountainsB.BeachSeconddifferenceisclimateA.MountainsB.BeachThirddifferenceistypesofactivitiesA.MountainsB.Beach•Eachpointofcomparisonbecomesthetopicofaparagraph.•Youmaydiscussasimilarityandthenadifference,andthenasimilarityandthenadifference.•Youcanputtheparagraphinanyorderyouwish---perhapsintheorderoftheirimportancetoyoupersonally.IV.WordsandPhrasesComparison•similarly,likewise,also,too•as,justas•and,both...and…,notonly…butalsoneither…nor…•like/justlike/similarto•alike/thesameas/identicalwith•tocompareto/withContrast•however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still•although,though,eventhough•but,yet•despitesth;inspiteofsth•incontrast,bycomparison,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand•while,whereas•differfrom,compare