1Chapter4BasicFinancialStatement(基本财务报表)Part1AccountingVocabularyPart2TextLearningPart3AssignmentMaterial2AccountingVocabularyclassification[,klæsifi'keiʃən]n.1.分等;分类2.类别;级别3.【生物学】动、植物的分类,分类法4.(文件的)密级,保密级别5.【图书馆学】图书分类法,编目accountclassification帐户分类;帐户分类表科学是对经验有系统的分类。Scienceisthesystematicclassificationofexperience.描述与一个数据元素相关联的数据的主要类别。Describethemajorclassificationofdataassociatedwithadataelement.3current['kʌrənt]adj.1.当前的2.通用的,流通的,流动的3.流行的,盛行的n.1.流,流动2.气流;水流3.电流(=electriccurrent);5.潮流;你能告诉我哪些是流通的外币吗?Canyoutellmewhatsomecurrentbanknotesareofforeigncountries?你最不喜欢什么关于目前的工作?Whatdoyouliketheleastaboutyourcurrentjob?河当中水流最急。Thecurrentisswiftestinthemiddleoftheriver.currentasset/liability/ratio流动资产/负债/比率4deficiency[di'fiʃənsi]n.1.缺乏,缺少,不足,欠缺,不完全2.不足之处,缺陷;缺点3.(短)缺额,亏短的数额,不足额,不足之数;亏损,亏空,赤字4.【遗传学】(染色体中的)基因缺失deficiencydisease营养缺乏病Mentaldeficiency智力缺陷;精神不健全司法体制现存的一个问题是,缺乏基本设施。Oneconcernforthejusticesystemisthedeficiencyofbasicequipment.5dividend[‘dividend]n股息,股利;红利;债息;(存款)利息dividendpolicy股息分配方针cashdividend现金股利dividenddistribution股息分配stockdividend股票的股息第一季度的股息增加了近4%。Thefirstquarterdividendhasbeenincreasedbynearly4percent.6financing[fɪ'nænsɪŋ]n.融资;财务;筹措资金v.筹措资金;财政管理;从事金融活动(finance的ing形式)financingchannels融资渠道internalfinancing内部融资financinggap资金缺口RiskFinancing风险融资franchises['fræn,tʃaɪz]n.特许权,公民权(franchise的复数形式)v.赋予特权,赋予公民权(franchise的三单形式)专营权;特许经营权franchisechain特许连锁franchiserights特许经营权7goodwill['ɡud'wil]n.1.友好;亲善;好意,善意2.欣然同意;自愿,愿意,乐意3.【会计学】商誉【商业】(企业)信誉;商誉4.【法律】营业权[亦作goodwill]商业信誉Thegoodwillofabusinessissomethingsuchasitsgoodreputation,whichincreasesthevalueofthebusiness.我们不想失去用175年建立起来的商业信誉。Wedonotwanttolosethegoodwillbuiltupover175years.8installment[in'stɔ:lmənt]n.1.分期付款;分期交付;债款的分期应付款2.(分期连载的)部分;(丛书分期出版的)分册;(戏剧的)分本演出installmentplan分期付款方式;分期付款购物法installmentpayment分期付款;分期付款帐户paymentbyinstallment分期付款monthlyinstallment按月付款9liquidity[lɪ‘kwɪdəti]n.流动性;流动资产;[金融]偿债能力liquidityrisk流动性风险;清算风险marketliquidity市场流动性excessliquidity过剩流动性liquiditycrisis流动性危机;清偿危机liquidityratio流动比率liquiditypreference[经]流动性偏好10long-term['lɔŋtə:m]adj.1.长期(生效)的;长远的2.【金融业】(借贷等)长期的3.长期的(指有资产超过6个月而发生的)long-termgoal长期目标long-termcare长期护理;长期医疗long-termmemory长期记忆;长时记忆long-termloan长期债款;长期放款11minus['maɪnəs]prep.减,减去n.负号,减号;不足;负数[复数minuses]adj.减的;负的Oneminusoneiszero.一减一等于零。温度降到摄氏零下十度。Thetemperaturedroppedtominustendegreescentigrade.norm[nɔ:m]n.标准,规范,基准;定额,分配之工作量socialnorm社会规范;社会常模;不同社会模式abovenorm限额以上;超额managementnorm定额管理normaln.正常;标准;常态adj.正常的;正规的,标准的normalizedadj.标准化的;正规化的;规格化的v.使规范化(normalize的过去分词);使正常化12securities[si'kjuəritis]n.[金融]有价证券;担保;抵押物(security的复数);保证securitiesmarket证券市场securitiescompany证券公司securitieslaw证券法securitiesandexchangecommission(美)证券交易委员会securitiestrading证券交易securitiesexchange证券交易所security[si'kjuəriti]n.1.安全;安全感平安,没有危险[常用复数]证券,股票,债券13terminology[,tə:mi‘nɔlədʒi]n.[总称]术语,专有名词accountingterminology[会计]会计术语;[会计]会计名词;[会计]会计用语technicalterminology技术术语computerterminology电脑术语literatureterminology文学术语bankterminology银行术语14TextLearningFinancialstatement(财务报表)Thebalancesheet(资产负债表)Theincomestatement(收益表)Thestatementofowner’sequity(业主权益表)Thestatementofchangesinfinancialposition(财务状况变动表)Relationshipofthefinancialstatement(财务报表的关系)Thebalancesheet(资产负债表)Classificationofassetandliability(资产和负债的分类)Formatsofbalancesheet(资产负债表的格式)Currentratioanddebtratio(流动比率和负债比率)Theincomestatement(收益表)Formatsofincomestatement(收益表格式)Grossmarginpercentageandinventoryturnover(毛利率和存货周转率)15FinancialStatementThebalancesheet1.Theincomestatement2.Thestatementofowner’sequity3.4.Fourmayorstatements:Thestatementofchangesinfinancialstatement16ThebalancesheetThebalancesheetpresentsaviewofthebusinessasacollectionofresourcesorassetsbelongingtothecompanythatidequaltothesourcesofclaimsagainstthoseassets.(资产负债表表达了这样一种观点,企业的经营活动是对其资产或资产进行筹集的过程,并且筹集的资金数等于企业的资产数或对这些资产的要求权。企业的资金有两部分组成:负债(企业的债务)和所有者权益(或股东权益))(1)thenameofthebusiness(公司名称)(2)thenameofstatement,‘balancesheet’(报表名称)(3)thedateofthebalancesheet(报表日期)(4)separatesectionforassets,liability,andowner’sequity(分开的资产、负债和所有权部分)17TheincomestatementTheincomestatementholdsperhapsthemostimportantsinglepieceofinformationaboutabusiness-itsnetincome,whichisrevenueminusexpenses.(收益表持有的也许是公司的一项最重要的信息,就是净收益,即收入减去费用)thenameofthebusiness(公司名称)thenameofthestatement‘IncomeStatement’(报表名称)theperiodsoftimecoveredbythestatement(报表覆盖的时期)separatelistingofrevenuesandexpenses(分开列出的收入和费用)18ThestatementofOwner’sEquityOwner’sequitymaybechangedinfourways:Increaseinowner’sequityarisefrominvestmentsbytheownerandnetincomeearnedduringtheperiod.(这一时期的所有者投资和净收益能增加所有者权益)Decreasesresultfromwithdrawalsbytheownerandfromanetlossfortheperiod.(这一时期的所有者抽资和净亏损减少所有者权益)Netincomeornetlosscomesdirectlyfromtheincomestatement.(净收益和净亏损直接来自收益表)Investmentsandwithdrawalsbytheownerarecapitaltransactionsbetweenthebusinessandtheowner,sotheydonotaffecttheincomestatement.(所有者投资和抽资是公司和所有者之间的资本交易,因此他们不影响收益表)19Thestatementofretainedearnings(留存收益表)Retainedearningsareimportantbecausethe