全球导航定位系统GNSS的技术与应用

GNSS季宇虹,王让会(,210044):介绍了GNSS系统的发展过程及组成部分(GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,BEID-OU),归纳了GNSS定位GNSS-RGNSS掩星组合导航嵌入式等技术,并对GNSS最新的应用领域进行全面研究分析,以及预测GNSS系统的发展前景:全球导航定位系统;GNSS-R;GNSS掩星;技术;应用:P228:A:1008-9268(2010)05-0069-070(GlobalNavigationSate-lliteSystem,GNSS),GPS(GLO-NASS)(GALILEO)(BEIDOU),(IntegrityChecking)[1-3][4]GNSS,,,,GNSS[5-10]1GNSS2070GPS,20,300,1994[5]:19731979,,4,;19791984,,7,198924GPS,GPS1993GPS(21+3)GPS,GPS-Ó,GPS-ÓGPS[6]10,15-20,GPS-ÓGPS100~500,(M)2024,24GPS[5]GPS-Ó20096,[7]GPS-Ó,,2008530,12GPS-ÓA,2014GPS,2080:2010-06-03#69#2010.5/GLONASS(GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem),1982,199524(21,3),[8]GLONASS3,2090,,,1998212,20006/GLO-NASS02000,Baikonour/03,1999,GLONASS,GLONASS-M1999-2002GLONASS-M5,2003GLONASS-M7GLONASS,200912,GLONASS19,,201124,GLONASS,2010CD-MAGLONASS-K,GPS/GALILE-OL1,2017,30[9]1999GALILEO20023,GALILEO20051227GALI-LEO,20084GALILEO,GALILEO,20082013201334,GALILEO,30GPSL1L5GALILEO,,[10]1983,1994/0,2003/0,,,2006/0(Com-pass)/0:(),5GEO4MEO3IGSO12,,,2010,GPS;(),3GEO3IGSO24MEO,,10m[11]2GNSS2.1(DGPS)/0,DGPS2:1)DGPS(LADGPS)DGPS,,10m,LADGPS150km[12]2)DGPS(WADGPS)DGPSLADGPS,,,2m[12]2.21),,,,,GPS[13],,(RTK)2)GPS(NetworkGPS)(PPP)GPSGPS,GPS,,#70#GNSSWorldofChina/2010.5GPS,RTK[14]PPP(PrecisePointPositioning)GPS[15]2.3GNSS-RGNSSGNSS-R(GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem-Re-flection)[16-17]GNSS-R,,,,GNSS-R,GNSS-R;,;;[17]2.4GNSS(GNSS-RO)GNSSLEOGNSSGNSSLEO,GPS,(0~60km)[18],GPS/METCHAMPSAC-COrstedSunsatCOSMICFedSatACE+GNSS[19-20]GNSS,21,;,[20]2.5GNSS,,GNSS(GPS/GLONASS),GNSS,:1)GNSS/MIMU(MIMU),,GNSS/MIMU,,MIMU;[5]2)GNSS/SINS2090,:Kalman[21]3)INS/CNS/GNSS(INS),,(GNSS)(CNS),[22]2.61)WindowsCEWindowsCECEC(Com-pact)(Consumer)(Connectivity)(Companion);E(Electron-ics)WindowsCE,,WindowsCEGNSS2)SistangGNSSWindowCEPowerPC,,LinuxGPL(GeneralPublicLicence),,LinuxSistang,[23]3GNSS3.1#71#2010.5/1)GNSSGNSS[24]2)GNSSGNSSGPS,GNSS,[2,25]GPS,3.2GNSS,,,,GNSS,,,,,,,GNSS,,,[26]3.3GNSS,,,GNSS,,GNSSGISGSM,,GNSSGNSS,GSM[27]3.4GNSS-RGNSS-R3:1)GNSS-R:LEOGNSS,GNSS,C/AP,,1993,MartinGNSS-R[28];1994,AuberGNSS-R[29];1996,NASAGNSS-R,(DMR)[30];1997GPS[31],2000,NASACUSuRGE;2001,GFZCHAMPGNSS-R[32];2000,MichaelKeithGNSS-R,Topex/PoseidonERSQuik-SCAT[33]GNSS-R,()[34-40],,,,,GNSS-R,2)--,,GPSL[41]2002,2004NASAGNSS-R,MastersGPS#72#GNSSWorldofChina/2010.5,GPS[42-43],,,GNSS-R,,2009GNSS-R,GNSS-R[44]3)GNSS-R,,,GPSL,[45]3.5GNSSGNSS4:1)GNSS,GNSS/MET,,(NWP),,/0[46]2)GNSS,GNSS/MET,/0SAC-C[20]CHAMP[47]3),GNSS,,4)GNSS/METSAC-C,[20]3.6,GNSS4GNSS,GPSGNSS,IT2008,GPS249,14%,2013,GPS2400,,,GNSS:[1],,.GNSS[J].,2009,34(3):59-621[2].GNSS(GPS)[J].,2007(7):9-151[3].CompassGNSS[J].,2009,34(2):20-231[4],.GNSS[J].,2008,28(4):316-3251[5],.GNSS/MIMU[J].,2007(4):42-46,621[6].GLONASSGNSS[J].,1998,17(2):9-161[7],,.GNSS[J].,2009,34(3):59-621[8],,.GLONASS-M[J].,2007,28(3):9-14,191[9].GLONASS[J].,2007,47(4):76-811[10].(GALILEO)GPS[J].,2007,30(3):41-441[11].CompassGNSS[J].,2009,34(2):20-231[12].GPS[M].,19991[13].GPS/GNSS[J].,2006(3):54-601#73#2010.5/[14],.WebGNSS)))[J].#,2009,34(11):359-3621[15],,.[J].,2007,27(5):1-41[16],,.GNSS-R[J].#,2007,32(11):955-9591[17],,,.GNSS-R[J].,2009(3):92-971[18],.GNSS[J].,2008,25(4):252-2591[19].GNSS[J].,3009(1):4,9-141[20],,,.GNSS[J].,2009,37(1):75-781[21],,.GNSS/SINS[J].,2005,33(6):47-491[22],,.INS/CNS/GNSS[J].,2003(3):35-401[23],,.SistangLinuxGSMGPS[J].#,2006(3):120-251[24],,.GNSS[J].2009,32(3):192-193,1971[25].GNSS[J].,2008,33(4):1-7,101[26],.(GNSS)[J].,2008(1):110-1121[27].Galileo[J].,2008(4):38-391[28]Martin-NeriaM.APassiveReflectometryandIn-terferometrySystem(PARIS):ApplicationtoO-ceanAltimetry[J].ESAJournal,1993(17):331-3551[29]AuberJC,BibaultA,RigalJM.CharacterizationofMultipathonLandandSeaatGPSFrequencies[C]MThe7thInternationalTechnicalMeetingoftheSatelliteDivisionoftheInstituteofNavigation,SaltLakeCity,19941[30]GarrisonJL,KatzbergSJ,HillML.EffectofSeaSignalfromtheGlobalPositioningSystem[J].Ge-ophysicalResearchLetters,1998,25(2):257-2601[31]ThompsonDR,ElfouhailyTM,GasparovicRF.PolarizationdependenceofGPSsignalsreflectedfromtheocean[C]MGeoscienceandRemoteSens-ingSymposium,Honolulu,USA,2000(3):099-1011[32]ArmatysM.EstimationofSeaSurfaceWindsUsingReflectedGPSSignals[D].Colorado:UniversityofColorado,20011[33]KomjathyA,ArtmatysM,MastersD,etal.De-velopmentsinUsingGPSforOceanographicRe-moteSensing:RetrievalofOceanSurfaceWindSpeedandWindDirection[C]MION2001NationalTechnicalMeeting,LongBeach,CA,20011[34],.GNSS-R[J].#,2006,31(2):128-1311[35],,,.GNSS-R[J].,2006,31(5):4-81[36],.GNSS-R[J].#,2008,33(3):241-2441[37],,,.GNSS-R[J].,2008,53(5):589-5921[38],,,.GNSS-R[J].#,2008,33(5):475-4781[39],,,.GNSS-R[J].,2009,30(6):644-6471[40],,,.GNSS-R[J].#,2009,34(4):470-473,5031[41],,,.GNSS-R[J].,2009,3:92-971[42]MastersDS.SurfaceRemoteSensingApplicationsofGNSSBistaticRadarSoilMoistureandAircraftAltimetry[D].Colorado:UniversityofColorado,20041[43]MastersD,AxelradP,KatzbergS.Initialresultsofland-reflectedGPSbistaticradarmeasurementsinSMEX02[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,2004(92):507-5201[44],.GNSS-R[J].,2009,34(3):1-61[45],,.[J].,2005,30(4):36-411#74#GNSSWorldofChina/2010.5[46].GNSS[J].,300