TheModernPeriodofAmericanliterature1918-1945ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanliteratureafterWorldWarIAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)Modernism(现代主义)•appearedafterWorldWarI•cuttingoffhistoryandasenseofdespairandloss•refusingtoacceptthetraditionalconceptofvalueandalltraditionalideologicalinfluencesFeaturesorchangesoftheperiod1,Increasingindustrialization2,Deepeningurbanization3,Highspeeddevelopmentoftechnologyandscience4,Traumaofthefirstworldwar5,1930seconomicdepression6,Collapseofsocialvaluesystem7,Droppingmoralstandards8,Commondepression,fear,senseoflossFeaturesoftheworksFreud’spsychoanalysis,WilliamJamesstreamofconsciousnesstheoryandarchetypalsymbolhadgreatimpactonthewritersofmodernAmericanwriters.Theypayspecialattentiontotheinnerworldofthepeople,duringthisperiod,themostcompellingliteraturemovementisthewriter’sselfexile,alsoknownasthesecondAmericanrenaissance特征:美国现代主义文学不再以塑造人物性格为核心,以情节为主的结构框架,而是以非连续性的结构,碎片式的描写,高度实验性的语言为其基本特征,以表达与传统的决裂。美国现代主义文学的特征也体现在对“人”这一概念的诠释上,通过注重人性的丑恶面,阐述人物的非英雄化本质,以及内心世界的混乱无序,呈现出一幅病态的物质世界里生活着一群病态的人的画面。美国现代主义文学还体现在对意识流的成熟运用上,其实质上是突破了传统现实文学的时空结构,从根本上否定事件,思维发展的连贯性和因果关系。ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)poets(imagists)意象派诗人whosepoemsfocusonstrong,concreteimages•EzraPound(伊兹拉.庞德)——thebeginneroftheImagists•T.S.Eliot(艾略特)dominatedtheModernisminpoetryTheWasteLand《荒原》(1922)•RobertFrost(罗伯特.弗罗斯特)oneoftheundisputedmastersofmodernAmericanpoetrythebestknownandthemostwelcomeoftheNewEnglandpoetsNorthofBoston《波士顿以北》(1914)AmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)ModernAmericanLiteraturepoets(imagists)意象派诗人E.E.Cummings(肯明斯)WallaceStevens(华莱士.史蒂文斯)WilliamCarlos(威廉.卡洛斯)theforerunnerofconcretepoetry(具像诗)andvisualpoetry(视觉诗歌)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)novelists——theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)thenovelistswhoproducedaliteratureofdisillusionmentintheaftermathofWorldWarI,andsomeofthemlivedabroad.•usedtheirwartimeexperienceasthebasisfortheirworks•werecutofffromoldvaluesyetunabletocometotermswiththenewera•wonderedpointlesslyandrestlessly•werefrustratedbythewar•spokesman——HemingwayModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)novelists——theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)•ErnestHemingway(欧内斯特.海明威)•oneofthegreatestAmericanwritersinthe20thcentury•NobelPrizewinnerforliterature(1954)TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》(1923)AFarewelltoArms《永别了,武器》(1929)ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》(1940)TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》(1952)•F.ScottFitzgerald(斯科特.菲兹杰拉德)capturedtherestless,pleasure-hungry,defiantmoodofthe1920sModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)novelists——theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)TheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比》(1925)TenderIstheNight《夜色温柔》(1934)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)novelists——theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)•WilliamFaulkner(威廉.福克纳)•oneofthemostimportantAmericannovelistsofthe20thcentury•NobelPrizewinnerforliterature(1949)TheSoundandtheFury《喧哗与骚动》(1929)LightinAugust《八月之光》(1932)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)theLostGenerationJazzEra(爵士年代)Americanliteratureofthe1920sModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)novelists(1930s)•JohnSteinbeck(约翰.斯坦贝克)•MargaretMitchell(玛格丽特.米切尔)TheGrapesofWrath《愤怒的葡萄》(1939)GonewiththeWind《飘》/《乱世佳人》(1936)——historicalfictionModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)dramaEugeneO’Neill(尤金.奥尼尔)•themostfamousplaywrightinAmerica•leadingdramatist•theNobelPrizewinnerforliterature(1936)DesireUndertheElms《榆树下的欲望》(1924)MourningBecomesElectra《悲悼》(1931)TheIcemanCometh《卖冰的人来了》(1939)LongDay’sJourneyintoNight《长夜漫漫路迢迢》(1940)