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America’s1920sOutline•Ⅰ.GeneralIntroduction.•Ⅱ.SocialSituation.•1.Politics.•2.Economy.•3.Society.•4.Culture.•Ⅲ.EndofAmerica's1920s.•Ⅳ.Comments.•AlsocalledtheRoaringTwentiesortheJazzAge.•The1920swasroughlytheperiodbetweentheendofWorldWarIandtheGreatDepressionof1929.•TheRoaringTwentieswasmeanttoemphasizetheperiod'ssocial,artistic,andculturaldynamism.•Atthesametime,jazzanddancingroseinpopularity,inoppositiontothemoodofthespecterofWorldWarI.Ⅰ.America’s1920sⅠ.America’s1920s•Thepopularimagesofthe1920sareunforgettablememoryfortheAmericans,suchasadecadeofprosperityandriotousliving,bootleggersandgangsters,flappersandhotjazz.•The1920swasalsoadecadeofdeepculturalconflict.•ThedecadewitnessedatitanicstrugglebetweenanoldandanewAmerica.Immigration,race,alcohol,gender,politics,andsexualmorality---allbecamemajorculturalbattlefieldsduringthe1920s.PoliticsInterior:1.WarrenG.Harding:29thpresident;aconservative,laissez-fairepolicy(放任自由的经济政策);2.CalvinCoolidge:30thpresident;laissez-fairepoliticscontinued;hightariffsandfederaltaxcuts.Politics3.HerbertHoover:31stpresident;forcedtodealwiththeconsequencesoftheWallStreetCrashof1929Exterior:IsolationismIsolationism•IsolationismreferstoAmerica'slongstandingreluctancetobecomeinvolvedinEuropeanalliancesandwars.•IsolationistsheldtheviewthatAmerica'sperspectiveontheworldwasdifferentfromthatofEuropeansocieties.Economy01002003004005006007008009001919年1929年国民总收入(亿美元）5805906006106206306406506606706806901919年1929年人均收入（美元）Economy•1.Demobilization(士兵复员).•Whenthewarwasover,theUSAmadeagreatdealofmoneyinthewarandbecamealotricher,sothatthereappearedaneconomicboom,adeceptiveaffluence.Therewasafeelingthatmoneywaseverywhere.•AttheendofWorldWarI,soldiersreturnedtotheUnitedStatesandCanadawithwartimewagesandmanynewproductsonthemarketonwhichtospend.•Sincetheyknewhowweakthelifeswereinthebattlefeild,theydecidedtoenjoytheirlife.•2.Massproductsandtechnologies•TheinventionoftheautomobilehadagreatimpactonAmericansinthe1920’s.Carsalesgrewrapidlyduringthisperiod.•By1927,Fordsold15millionModelTcars.•Radiobecamethefirstmassbroadcastingmedium.Economy0500100015002000250030001921年1929汽车工业（万辆）Economy•3.Urbanization•Urbanizationreachedaclimaxinthe1920s.•Forthefirsttime,moreAmericanslivedincitiesthanonfarms.•InfluencesofUrbanization:•Thefastdevelopmentofindustry,railwaysandhighways;•Thesharpincreaseofserviceindustry;•TheearliestwhitecollarsSociety•1.Thechangeofwomen.•Women'ssuffrage.•Manywomenworkedoutsideoftheirhomes.•Fashion:FlapperFlapper•Wearsilkandfuryclothes.•Woreshorterdressesthantheirmothers.•Shorthairandhatstoshowoffshorthair–Bobbedhair•Woremakeup•Drankandsmokedinpublic•Notmanywomenwerefullflappers.Society•2.LostGeneration•TheLostGenerationwereyoungpeoplewhocameoutofWorldWarIdisillusionedandcynicalabouttheworld.•Theywerediscontentwithexistingsocialreality,buttheydidnotknowwhattodoaboutit.Someofthemacceptedcynicalhedonismandnihilism,saying“eat,drink,andbehappyfortomorrowweshalldie.”•Someofthewritersofthe“LostGeneration”wenttoliveinFrance.BecausetheythoughtAmericawasnotalandsuitableforliterarycreation.•FamousmembersincludedT.S.Eliot,ErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,andGertrudeStein.Society•3.SocialUpheavals•Onthesocialscene,therewasahighdegreeofintolerance.TheChicagoRaceRiot(芝加哥种族暴乱)of1919resultedindestruction,death,hatred,andbigotry.•TheKKKredoubleditseffortatracialpersecution.TheKuKluxKlan•KuKluxKlan,oftenabbreviatedKKKandinformallyknownastheKlan,isthenameofthreedistinctpastandpresentfar-rightorganizationsintheUnitedStates.•KKKhaveadvocatedextremistreactionary(反动的)currentssuchaswhitesupremacy（白人至上）,whitenationalism（白人民族主义）,andanti-immigration,historicallyexpressedthroughterrorism.•Sincethemid-20thcentury,theKKKhasalsobeenanti-communist.Society•4.Homosexuality•Homosexualitybecamemuchmorevisibleandsomewhatmoreacceptable.Culture•1.Popularmusic.•The1920sbroughtnewstylesofmusicintothemainstreamofAmericanculture.Jazzbecamethemostpopularformofmusicforyoungpeopleandtheflapperculture.Culture•2.Dance•Danceclubsbecameenormouslypopularinthe1920s.Theirpopularitypeakedinthelate1920sandreachedintotheearly1930s.•Themostpopulardancesthroughoutthedecadewerethefoxtrot（狐步舞）,waltzandAmericantango.Culture•3.Prohibition(禁酒令)•Itbeganin1920.Prohibitionwasthebanonthemanufacture,sale,andtransportationofliquoranywhereintheUnitedStates.•Goalsweretoreduce:familyabuseandviolence;prostitution,gamblingandotherviceinsaloons;missedtimeandaccidentsintheworkplace.•Results:theappearanceofbootleggers;thedevelopmentofGangsters;reductioningovenment'staxrevenue•In1933theUnitedStatescancelledtheProhibition.Culture•4.Literature•TheRoaringTwentieswasaperiodofliterarycreativity,andworksofseveralnotableauthorsappearedduringtheperiod.•D.H.Lawrence'snovelLadyChatterley'sLoverwasascandalatthetimebecauseofitsexplicitdescriptionsofsex.•TheGreatGatsbybyF.ScottFitzgerald,setupin1922inthevicinityofNewYorkCity,isoftendescribedasthesymbolicmeditationontheJazzAgeinAmericanliterature.•TheSunAlsoRisesbyErnestHemingwayisaboutagroupofexpatriateAmericansinEuropeduringthe1920s