高考英语第一轮复习-名词性从句

语法专题Grammar名词性从句港尾中学高三备课组IDA语法专题Grammar句法概述组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。语法专题GrammarHaveatry说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子中各充当什么成分1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.3.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.4.Hebrokeapieceofglass.5.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.主谓语宾语定语主语谓语谓语谓语主主主定语宾语宾语状语定语宾语表语语法专题GrammarWhataboutthesefollowingsentences?1.Ibelievethatyouareright.我相信你是对的。2.Thispuzzleishowhefinishedhisjobsofast.令人不解的是他如何这么快干完他的活。3.WhatIwantisabook.我所想要的是一本书。4.TheboywhoissittingunderthetreeisTom坐在树下的男孩是Tom.主句宾语，叫做宾语从句主句表语，叫做表语从句主句主语，叫做主语从句主语定语，叫做定语从句语法专题Grammar主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句从在句子中所承担的成分：四种类型语法专题Grammar名词性从句由连接词（或关联词）引导。常用的连接词有：连接词作用whether/if是否that(本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分who,whom,谁；…人whose谁的……which哪一个what什么，所…的在从句中分别作主语、宾语在从句中作定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语when…时候，where…地方how怎样、怎么，why为什么除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语。它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义，同时也是解题的重要线索；2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。从属连词连接代词连接副词语法专题Grammar考点1：连接词：that与what的区别Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语语法专题Grammar1).Acomputercanonlydo_____youhaveinstructedittodo.2).Chinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.whatwhat3)._____hesaidsomadeusangry.That4).Amoderncityhasbeensetupin______wasawastelandtenyearsago.whatFillintheblanksusingthat/what语法专题GrammarThat的使用特点1.that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略。Mostofusbelievethathecan’tbethemurder.2.that引导主语从句，表语从句以及同位语从句时，that没有意义，但不能省略。Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntousall.语法专题Grammar检验that的身份--定语从句VS同位语从句Theideathatsomepeoplesaresuperiortoothersissoridiculous.有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。Theideathatheproposedatthemeetingissoridiculous.他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。同位语从句定语从句语法专题Grammar如何区别同位语从句的that只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定语从句中的that除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。另外：能跟同位语从句的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等抽象名词语法专题GrammarNooneishappywiththefactthathefoundout.Nooneishappywiththefactthathewillbecometheirboss.语法专题Grammar(2009·四川)Newscamefromtheschooloffice______WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where语法专题GrammarWhat的基本用法用来指代事情，物体，内容，即可以翻译为“所….的事/东西/内容等”，相当于thethingthat如：Whatshesawfrightenedher.她看到的事情吓了她一跳。WhatI’mafraidofistheirtakinghimtothatplace.我怕的是他们带他到那地方去。Butwhathurtourfeelingsmostwasthepersonalcommentofthejudge.最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论语法专题Grammar_____isknowntousisthatthe2012OlympicgameswilltakeplaceinLondon.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.which语法专题GrammarWhat的特殊用法一、表示“……样子、情况，如:1.Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.他不是几年前的他了。Shenzhenisnolongerwhatitwasinthepast.深圳不再是过去那样子了。语法专题Grammar二、表示……的地方,相当于theplacethat...。如:1.ThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。2.WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld.现在是北部撒哈拉沙漠的地方曾是一个文明世界。语法专题Grammar三、表示“……的时间”，相当于thetimethat”Thecoloroftheflowerisdifferentfromwhatitwasinthemorning.花朵的颜色与早晨的(时候)不同。语法专题Grammar四、表示……的数目,相当于theamount/numberthat...。如:1.Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。2.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolhasreachedasmanyas20,000,tentimeswhatitwasbeforeliberation.现在我校学生多达2万人,是解放前的十倍。语法专题Grammar1.Shehaschangedalot.She'snolonger________sheusedtobe.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.不填2.Thetobaccowhichisusedtomakecigaretteswasfirstgrownin________isnowpartoftheUnitedStates.A.WhichB.thatC.allD.what语法专题Grammar3.WhathasmadeChina________sheistoday?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which4.Thenumberofthestudentsofthecollegehasreached8,000,twice______itwaswhenthecollegewasopenedtenyearsago.A.whatB.asmuchC.whichD.that语法专题Grammar考点2:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个)1.---Doyouknow_______Mr.Black’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof_______.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?whatwhichwhich语法专题Grammar考点3:区别if与whether1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_______thisbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherwhether语法专题Grammar4.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whetherWhetherIfWhether/if区别见《全线突破》P81.语法专题Grammar1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。___________________________isapity.2.他来不来不重要。________________________doesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.ThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythathemadesuchamistake.考点４：it作形式主语Whetherhewillcomeornot语法专题Grammar主语从句以that引导的主语从句that是纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，不翻译，不能省略；常见句型有:1.It+be+形容词(certain,obvious,true,necessary,important,funny,probable,etc.)Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.语法专题Grammar2.It+be+名词词组（apity,nowonder,nosurprise,anhonour,etc.）Itisapitythatwecan'tgo.Itisnosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.3.It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,etc.）ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.语法专题GrammarItiswellknownthat...众所周知...Ithappens/happenedthat...碰巧...Itturns/turnedoutthat...结果(显然）...Itoccurredtomethat...我突然想到...Ithasbeenfound/provedthat...已经发现/证明...Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出的是...以及其它常见句型：语法专题Grammar考点5：语序问题从句一定用陈述语序他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstill