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Unit1RevisetheInfinitiveGrammar前情回顾非谓语的三种形式可做的句子成分动名词doing分词doing/done不定式todo主，宾，表，定状，补，表，定主，宾，表，定，状，补DoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?•_______istobelieve.•It’simpossibleforhumans_________________now.ToseetoflylikeabirdMartysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.1.Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“哦of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式•Itisnice______youtosayso.•Itisnecessary_____youtogothereimmediately.•思考：什么时候用of,什么时候用for?offor动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)7.独立结构(absoluteconstruction)1不定式作主语(subject)Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionarywhenyoustudyEnglish.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。•Myjob_______toprotecttheworld.•Yourtaskisto_____________(学好英语).is2不定式作表语(predicative)learnEnglishwellSeeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.×√√×不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。•YaoMinglikestoplaybasketball.•Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to_________ifhewantstowin.3不定式作宾语(object)句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todopractise常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish。（特别注意红体字）4不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosthlistentohearwatch五看seelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听一感觉:feel+sbdosth（不带to）1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.不定式做宾补时不带to的情况1不定式在感官动词(feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,notice,observe)后；2使役动词(let,have,make)后边作宾补时,省去to,但是在被动语态中要还原to；3不定式用在介词but后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.5不定式作定语(attribute)Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a)Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.(b)Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.不定式作定语不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。(1)动宾关系(2)主谓关系(3)同位关系2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.on3.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.Igotupearlyto_____________.Youcamehereto________.inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too...tocatchthetrain6不定式作状语(adverbial)在一些短语中也有体现eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.1.表示目的:toinordertosoasto6不定式作状语(adverbial)2.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todoHewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.3.结果状语:Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•totellthetruth7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)动词不定式的时态和语态形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表