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Unit1“We’veBeenHit!”WordsandExpressions1.lashvt.hitviolentlyorsuddenlye.g.Thefarmerlashedthemuleswithastick.Thewaveslashedtheshore.Collocation:lashout(at/againstsb./sth.)makeasuddenviolentattackwithblowsorwordsSynonym:whip,beat2.scoffvi.laugh(at)e.g.Allthestudentsscoffedatthepoorboy’sclothes.Thedisabledpeopleareoftenscoffed.Derivation:scoffern.Synonym:jeer,mock3.swayvi.moveorswingfromsidetosidee.g.Heswayedslightly,asifabouttofall.他身子一歪，像要倒下。Synonym:swing,wave4.illusionn.sth.thatdeceivesapersonbyseemingtobereale.g.Themirrorsallroundthewallsgiveanillusionofgreaterspace.Ihavenoillusionsaboutmyability.我对自己的能力如何颇有自知之明。Derivation:illusivea.illusivelyad.Collocation:beundertheillusionthatbelievewronglye.g.Iwasundertheillusionthathewashonestuntilhewascaughtstealingsomemoney.他偷钱当场被人抓住，在此之前我一直误以为他是个老实人。5.devastatinga.completelydestructivee.g.Itisthemostdevastatingfloodin100years.Derivation:devastatevt.devastationn.Synonym:disastrous,destructive6.glanceatlookatsb.orsth.quickly,esp.byraisingyoureyesandthenloweringthemagaine.g.Thepresidentglancedattheclockandannouncedthatthemeetingstarted.Comparison:gazeat,stareat,glareat,gapeatgazeatlookatsth.orsb.foralongtime,forexample,becausetheyarebeautifulorinteresting,esp.withoutrealizingthatyouaredoingite.g.Thepoetlaydownandgazedatthebrightmoon,missinghishometown.stareatdeliberatelylookatsb.orsth.foralongtimewithoutmovingyoureyes,forexample,becauseyouareangry,shocked,orveryinterestede.g.Don’tstareatpeople;it’sveryrude.glareatlookangrilyatsb.foralongtimewithoutmovingyoureyese.g.Theheroinesteppedforwardbravelyandglaredattheenemy.女英雄挺身而出，以仇恨的目光瞪着敌人。7.purgatoryn.aplaceorconditionofgreatsufferinge.g.Thedevastatingearthquakechangedpeople’shomeintoapurgatory.Synonym:torture,plagueDerivation:purgatoriala.8.dilemman.asituationinwhichitisverydifficulttodecidewhattodo,becauseallofthepossiblecoursesofactionseemequallygoodorequallybade.g.Theonlywayoutofthisdilemmaistocooperatewithinthegroup.面对这样的两难境地，唯一的出路就是在团队内合作。Collocation:inadilemmae.g.Marywasinadilemmawhethertomarryorcontinueherstudy.Synonym:quandary,predicament9.confusionn.averydisorganizedsituationusuallywithlotsofnoise,inwhichalotofthingsarehappeningatthesametime,sothatitisdifficulttounderstandorcontrole.g.Theenemy’sunexpectedattackthrewthemintototalconfusion.敌人的突然进攻使他们完全不知所措。Comparison:disorder,chaosdisordern.asituationinwhichthingsorpeoplearenotinthecorrectposition,place,ororder,sothattheyareunabletocontrolororganizee.g.TheCivilWarcameattheendofalongperiodofsocialdisorder.chaosn.asituationthatisfullofdisorderandiscompletelyoutofcontrole.g.Thethievesleftthehouseinchaos.小偷走后房屋中一片凌乱。Derivation:confuseda.confusevt.10.transfern.achangefromoneplacetoanothere.g.Theheadmasterarrangedforhistransfertoanotherschool.校长安排他转到另一个学校。vt.movesth./sb.fromoneplacetoanothere.g.TheheadofficehasbeentransferredfromLondontoNewYork.总部已由伦敦迁至纽约。Synonym:remove,handoverDerivation:transferablea.11.reassuringa.makingsb.feellessworriedorfrightenede.g.Beforecommencingtheperformance,shegavemeareassuringsmile.ThePresidentgaveareassuringspeechaboutthefutureofthecountry.Derivation:reassurancen.reassurevt.reassuringlyad.Antonym:threatening,discouraging12.panicvt.besuddenlyfrightenedbysth.e.g.Thefirecrackerspanickedthechicks.Theshotpanickedallthecustomersintherestaurant.n.asuddenstrongfeelingoffearornervousnessCollocation:panicsb.intodoingsth.makesb.dosth.unwiseorhastybecauseofpanice.g.Thebankswerepanickedintosellingsterling.银行因恐慌而抛售英国货币。Synonym:dread,terror,fear14.descentn.theactorprocessofgoingdowne.g.ThewildgoosebeganitsdescentintotheWestLake.Synonym:decline,subsidenceAntonym:ascent15.stoopvi.benddowne.g.Thepolicemanstoopedtopickupalostgunintheroom.Collocation:stoop(down)topicksth.upstoopsolow(astodosth.):lowerone’smoralstandardssofar(astodosth.)e.g.Hetriedtomakemeacceptabribe—IhopeIwouldneverstoopsolow.他想让我接受贿赂——希望我决不至于做出这种低级的事。Antonym:straighten(up)16.collapsevi.(breakintopiecesand)falldownsuddenlybecauseofaweaknessinthestructure,orbecauseofasuddenviolentforcee.g.Theheavystormcausedthehoveltocollapse.Synonym:breakdown,crumble17.sapvt.weakenslowlye.g.Theyweretravelingveryslowly,andtheheavyloadtheywerecarryingsappedtheirstrength.e.g.Theconstanttensionwassappingmyenergy.Synonym:weaken,exhaust,drainCollocation:sapuponsb.beatupsb.18.persuadevt.convincesb.e.g.KingLearwascompletelypersuadedbyhiselderdaughters’honeyedwords.Shepersuadedherfathertochangehismind.Derivation:persuasionn.persuasivea.Collocation:persuadesb.ofsth.convincesb.e.g.Wearepersuadedofthejusticeofhercase.我们确信对她案件的审理是公正的。19.meetupwithcomeacrosse.g.Marymetupwithherstudentonthestreetofaforeigncountry.Comparison:meetthecase适当，令人满意meetsb.half-way与某人妥协meetone’sWaterloo（在比赛中）惨败