2018-2019学年第1学期期末考试(集中)《国际法(双语)》题库(供法学院、刑事司法学院、民商经济法学院法学专业2016级选课班使用)一、Pleasewritedownthefullnameoftheseacronyms.一、请写下这些首字母缩略词的全名。UNCLOSUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea“联合国海洋法公约”联合国海洋法公约ICJInternationalCourtofJustice国际法院国际法院ILCInternationalLawCommissionILC国际法委员会EEZExclusiveEconomicZone专属经济区IUCNInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureIUCN国际自然保护联盟UNCOPUOSUNCommitteeonthePeacefulUsesofOuterSpaceUNCOPUOS联合国和平利用外层空间委员会IGOInter-governmentOrganization政府间组织政府间组织NGOnon-governmentalorganizations非政府组织非政府组织UNFCCCUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeUNFCCC联合国气候变化框架公约IPCCIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会UNDPTheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme开发计划署联合国开发计划署WHOWorldHealthOrganizationWHO世界卫生组织WTOWorldTradeOrganizationWTO世界贸易组织UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization教科文组织联合国教育,科学及文化组织二、Definition二、定义Juscogens强制法Atreatyisvoidif,atthetimeofitsconclusion,itconflictswithaperemptorynormofgeneralinternationallaw.ForthepurposesofthepresentConvention,aperemptorynormofgeneralinternationallawisanormacceptedandrecognizedbytheinternationalcommunityofStatesasawholeasanormfromwhichnoderogationispermittedandwhichcanbemodifiedonlybyasubsequentnormofgeneralinternationallawhavingthesamecharacter.如果条约在缔结时与一般国际法的强制性规范相冲突,则该条约无效。为本公约的目的,一般国际法的强制性规范是整个国际社会接受和承认的一种规范,作为一种规范,不允许减损,只能通过随后的规范来修改。具有相同特征的一般国际法。Custom习惯Customgenerallyreferstosomecertainrulesofbehaviorderivedfromanearlystage,whichhavenotbeenwrittendownorcodified.Ininternationallawcustomisapracticefollowedbythosestatesinvolvedbecausetheyfeellegallyobligedtobehaveinsuchaway.习惯一般是指某些早期阶段的行为规则,这些规则尚未写下或编纂。在国际法中,习惯是所涉及的国家所遵循的惯例,因为他们认为在法律上有义务以这种方式行事。Statesovereignty国家主权Statesovereigntyisfirmlyfoundeduponthefactofterritory.Astateenjoysandexercisesitssovereigntyoveritsterritory,totheexclusionofotherstates.Apoliticalentitycannotbeconsideredasastatewithoutterritory.国家主权坚定地建立在领土的事实上。一个国家享有并行使对其领土的主权,排除其他国家。政治实体不能被视为没有领土的国家。Monists一元论者Themonistsclaimedthattherewasonlyonefundamentalprinciple.Nomatternationalorinternationallawmustbebaseduponthisveryprinciple.一元论者声称只有一个基本原则。无论国家法还是国际法,都必须以此为原则。OpiniojurisOpinio法律(意见法律)Opiniojurisisdescribedasthepsychologicalcomponentofcustomaryinternationallawbecauseitreferstoanattitudethatstateshavetowardabehavioralregularity.Opiniolawis被描述为习惯国际法的心理组成部分,因为它指的是一种态度,即国家对行为规律的态度。Terranullius无人区Itreferstoterritorywhichcanbeacquiredbyasinglestatebutwhichisnotyetundertheterritorialsovereigntyofthatstate.它指的是可以由一个国家获得但尚未属于该国领土主权的领土。Stateresponsibility国家责任Stateresponsibilityisafundamentalprincipleofinternationallaw.Itreflectsthatstatesorotherpoliticalentitiespossessinginternationalpersonalitymustbelegallyresponsibleforabreachofaninternationalobligation.国家责任是国际法的基本原则。它反映出拥有国际人格的国家或其他政治实体必须对违反国际义务负有法律责任。Internationalwrongfulact国际不法行为IntheDraftArticlesonStateResponsibility,itisprovidedinArticle1that‘everyinternationallywrongfulactofastateentailstheinternationalresponsibilityofthatstate’.在“国家责任条款草案”中,第1条规定“国家的每一项国际不法行为都要承担国家的国际责任”。SuchawrongfulactisdefinedinArticle3as:a.conductconsistingofanactionoromissionwhichisattributabletothestateunderinternationallaw;andb.thatconductconstitutingabreachofaninternationalobligationofthestate.这种不法行为在第3条中定义为:一个。由国家法律赋予的行为或不作为构成的行为;和湾该行为构成违反国家的国际义务。Exhaustionoflocalremedies用尽当地补救办法Averyimportantcustomaryruleofinternationallawapplicabletoindirectinjuriesisthatbeforeinternationalproceedingsareinvoked,theremediesprovidedbythelocalstateshouldhavebeenexhausted.Itenablesthelocalstatetoredresswrongfulactsbeforetheclaimistobebroughttotheinternationalplane.适用于间接伤害的一项非常重要的国际法习惯规则是,在援引国际诉讼程序之前,应当用尽当地国家提供的补救办法。它使当地国家能够在将索赔提交国际飞机之前纠正不法行为。Freedomoftheseas海洋自由Freedomoftheseasisanessentialprincipleofmoderninternationallawofthesea.Itstressesfreedomtonavigatetheoceans.Itistherightofamerchantshiptotravelanywatersexceptterritorialwaterseitherinpeaceorwar.海洋自由是现代国际海洋法的基本原则。它强调自由驾驭海洋。商船的权利是在和平或战争中除领海之外的任何水域。HighSeas公海Atermofinternationallaw;theopenocean,notpartoftheexclusiveeconomiczone,territorialseaorinternalwatersofanystate.国际法一词;开放的海洋,不属于任何国家的专属经济区,领海或内水。Rightofinnocentpassage无辜的通道ShipsofallStates,whethercoastalorland-locked,enjoytherightofinnocentpassagethroughtheterritorialsea.Passageshallbecontinuousandexpeditious.所有国家的船舶,无论是沿海国家还是内陆国家,都享有无辜通过领海的权利。通道应是连续和迅速的。Treaty条约Aninternationalagreementconcludedbetweenstatesinwrittenformandgovernedbyinternationallaw,whetherembodiedinasingleinstrumentorintwoormorerelatedinstrumentsandwhateveritsparticulardesignation.各国之间以书面形式缔结并受国际法管辖的国际协定,无论是体现在单一文书中还是体现在两个或多个相关文书中,无论其具体名称如何。Reservationstotreaties对条约的保留Unilateralstatement,howeverphrasedornamed,madebyastate.Whensigning,ratifying,accepting,approvingoraccedingtoatreaty,wherebyitpurposestoexcludeortomodifythelegaleffectofcertainprovisionsofthetreatyintheirapplicationtothatstate.单方面声明,无论其措辞或命名,由国家制定。签署,批准,接受,批准或加入条约时,其目的是排除或修改条约某些条款在适用于该国的法律效力。Extradition引渡Thearrestanddeliveryofafugitivewantedforacrimecommittedinanothercountry,usuallyunderthetermsofanextraditiontreaty.通常根据引渡条约的规定,逮捕和交付逃犯是在另一个国家犯下的罪行。UNGeneralAssembly