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短文改错1命题特点⑴用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。⑵长度均在100词左右。⑶这些材料都是记叙文。⑷新课标卷的设题通常是：1处多1个词，1处少1个词，8处错1个词。21）短文长度依据高考近两年全国卷I和II进行分析，特别是2015年，词数都是106，故此题的短文长度应在105-110个词之间。行数：73细看题目规范短文改错（共10小题，每小题一分，满分10分）文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词41.Icangotohomenow.2.Ilikeplayingpiano.3.IamfondatEnglish.theWrongword∧MissingwordofUnnecessaryword高考短文改错的考察方式（格式要规范）设疑方式错词（8）、漏词（1）、多词（1）5短文改错应注意的问题四不改:①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改。④在纲外生词不改。6Stepsofcorrectingacomposition:1.Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.(浏览全文，掌握大意）2.Readthepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.（分句阅读，逐行找错）3.Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.（检查核对，攻克难点）7动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别代词格，细领悟ALimerick介词、短语要记住冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误理清楚8一、动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.［2015全国课标卷］find缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）Sheafraidofstayingathomealone.∧is9•：•Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.•：•Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.wishespermittedNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.likes10二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.lessons11错误类型：名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。改正方法：①分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。②分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。常考的不可数名词有fun,progress,advice,information,equipment,furniture,news等。二、名词数12⑴在several,few,many,oneof,acoupleof,three,oneandahalf,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。如：Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourand…［2014课标II］—hours13⑵像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。如：Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.［2011课标］.(luggages→luggage)14⑶本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。如：WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.［2011课标］(myfriend→myfriend’s)15[例1]…givemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.[例2]Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.[例3]WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.[例4]Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.名词当堂练advicefriendsfriend’scousin’s16三、还要注意形和副注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是考察的重点。形容词在句中作定语,表语，补语副词在句中作状语，修饰动词，形容词，整句]IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.less17Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!［2014课标I］Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicy（多汁的）andtaste.［2014课标I］Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.［2015课标I］Iamawfullytiring.［2013浙江］DadandIwereterribleworried.［2015课标II］wonderfultastyserioustiredterribly18四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，和不定式错误。todo表目的或将来doing表主动进行done表被动完成19一般说来，句中已有谓语动词，再出现动词，其前面又没有并列连词时，该动词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。20Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.［2015全国卷］…maketheirfriendshiptolastlong.［2014大纲］Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.［2015课标卷］Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.［2010大纲］lookingseeingtold21五、代词格，细领悟1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either22⑴上下文的人称不一致。如：Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.(them→us)［2011大纲］23⑵上下文的单复数不一致。如：…bothofthemhavesimilarideas…Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(him→them)［2014大纲］24⑶上下文的性别不一致。如：Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid…(him→her)［2010大纲］⑷人称代词格的误用。如：LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththem…(I→me)［2007课标］25⑸人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如：Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers…(从句主语which是指thevoice,这种声音使“他”与别人分离,故改himself为him)［2013课标I］26：•Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.［2015课标］Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.［2015全国卷］ourhis27主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。inSundayafternooncatchasightoflosemyheartinhurryaon∨六、介词短语要记住28⑴常用介词的错用。如：Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.［2014课标II］for29⑵固定词组中的介词误用。如：…andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes…［2014课标I］of30⑶固定词组中的介词漏用。如：Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.(listento听)［2014课标II］to31冠词⑴基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示“一个/段/座/本….”等时要用a或an；表示特指时用the。⑵固定短语中多用，少用或错用冠词。如：Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.［2014课标］Asaresult七、冠词、连词常光顾32[例1]Besides,afriendisalwaysgoodlistenerwhenyouneedone.[例2]JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.[例3]Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.∧∧athean冠词当堂练33常考的错误形式有：连词but,however,and,or,because,so,when,before,after,which,that,what的用法错误连词34（1）and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如：Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfromoneanother,butthemorepleasur