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ProfessionsforWomen1.Inwhatway,arewomenstilldiscriminatedagainstnow？(1931)VirginiaWoolf2.Whatdoyouthinkofthefollowingstatements?A.Frailty,thynameiswoman.B.Thehandsthatrockthecradlerocktheworld.C.Behindeverysuccessfulman,thereisawoman.3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen?Genderdifferences-MaleandFemalestrongandenergeticdaringheroicdecisivedomineeringneatandcleantalkativequerulouscarefulabouttheirappearancewell-manneredTheDifferencesbetweenWomenandMenseldomshowfeelingsshowfeelingseasilypracticalromantic,idealisticaggressiveshyandobedientindependentfeelinsecurestrong-willedsentimentalParagraph11.Whichprofessiondoesshediscussindetail?InterpretationoftheText2.WhatreasonsdoesWoolfgiveforfindingwritingacomfortableprofessionforawomantopursue?Theimpliedmeaninghereisthatotherprofessions,suchasscience,medicine,law,business,etc.,arenewertowomen,andthereforeharderforwomen,butwithmoreexperiencestowomen.Theprofessionofstageisanexception.Likeliterature,dramaalsoinvolvesmorewomenthanotherprofessions.3.Whatdothesereasonssuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenwomenandtheirfamilies?4.Woolfsays,“Pianosandmodels,Paris,Vienna,andBerlin,mastersandmistresses,arenotneededbyawriter.”Whatdoesshemeanbysayingthat?5.Doyoudetectsomebitternessintoneinthefirstparagraph?Ifyoudo,canyoupointoutwhereitlies?Whatisleftunsaidhere?RhetoricdevicesinParagraph1:metonymy1.stage:(professionof)drama2.purse:moneyorfinancialconditionsWoolfintroducedhersubject,andconsideredwritinganeasyjobforbothwomenandtheirfamilies.First,itiseasyforawomantobecomeawriterbecauseshedoesn’tneedtodoitfromscratch.Manywomenwritersbeforeherhavemadetheroadsmooth,withlessdifficultyforher.Second,writingpracticedoesnotdisturbherfamilypeace.Third,writingpaperischeap.ThemainideaofParagraph1Paragraph2:Whydoesthewritersay“howlittleIdeservetobecalledaprofessionalwoman”?Theauthorindicatesthatthelivesofprofessionalwomenareusuallyfilledwithstrugglesanddifficulties.Whentheymakesomemoney,theywillspenditontheirdailynecessities.Forher,quitedifferently,shedoesn’tneedmoneytomakealiving.Instead,shehasboughtacat,whichrequireshertospendmoremoneyfeedingit.WhatpointdoesthewritermakethroughthesardonicmentionofherPersiancatinParagraph2?Shilling:aformermonetaryunitoftheUK,equalto1/20ofapoundor12pence,nowoutofuse.1940Englishshilling,50%silverbutcher’sbills–meat(metonymy借代或转喻)breadandbutter–food(synecdoche提喻)hands–people(synecdoche)RhetoricdevicesinParagraph2:metonymyandsynecdocheWhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?Woolffurtherelucidatesherownprofessionalexperiences:writesomethingonafewpages,puttheminanenvelop,posttheletter,andgetaletterwithacheckforonepoundtenshillingsandsixpence.Asarichwoman,shedidn’tlivebypen.Writingwasherpastimeandpleasure.Paragraph3:KillingtheAngelintheHouse:getridoftheconventionalroleofwomen(1stexperienceorobstacle)1.WhoistheAngelintheHouse?2.Whatarehermainqualities?3.WhydoestheauthortakegreatpainstodescribetheAngelandthekillingoftheAngel?4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellheraudienceinthisparagraph?TheAngelintheHouseThepopularVictorianimageoftheidealwifecametobe“theAngelintheHouse”.Shewasexpectedtobedevotedandsubmissivetoherhusband.Shewaspassiveandpowerless,meek,charming,graceful,pious,sympathetic,self-sacrificing,andaboveall--pure.Howwouldyoucompare“theAngelintheHouse”withtheChinesephrase“virtuouswifeandlovingmother(贤妻良母)”?Aretheythesame?Isthereanydifferencebetweenthetwo?ThreeObediencesandFourVirtues三从：未嫁从父，既嫁从夫，夫死从子。Thethreeobediences:Awomanshouldobeyherfatherbeforemarriage,herhusbandaftermarriage,andhersonsinwidowhood.四德：德、容、言、工。Thefourvirtues:morality,modestmanner,properspeechanddiligentwork三从四德ThesearespiritualfettersofwifelysubmissionandvirtueimposedonwomeninfeudalsocietyChinese“virtuouswifeandlovingmother”Whatmetaphorisusedinparagraph3?Phantom:literally--somethingthatseemstoappeartothesightbuthasnophysicalexistencemetaphorically--amentalrepresentationofastereotypedwomantwoemphaticsentences1.ItwasshewhousedtocomebetweenmeanmypaperwhenIwaswritingreviews.2.ItwasshewhobotheredmeandwastedmytimeandsotormentedmethatatlastIkilledher.Shewasforcedtofightagainsttheangel.And,shewasfullyjustifiedtodoso.Otherwise,shecouldwritenothing.1.Intenselysympathetic----strong,firm,serious2.Immenselycharming----limitless,vastandhuge3.Utterlycharming----totally,completely,unconditionally4.Sheexcelsinthedifficultartsoffamilylife.5.Shesacrificesherselfdaily.Therequirementsforawomanareexacting:Allthefollowingrevealsawoman’ssubordinateroleandpositioninthefamilyandsociety.“Iftherewaschicken,shetooktheleg;iftherewasadraftshesatinit--inshortshewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorawishofherown,butpreferredtosympathizealwayswiththemindsandwishesofothers.Aboveall--Ineednotsayit--shewaspure.Herpuritywassupposedtobeherchiefbeauty--herblushes,hergreatgrace.Inthosedays--thelastofQueenVictoria--everyhousehaditsAngel.”WomenintheVictorianeraWhenwritinganything,awomanwritermustkeepthefollowinginmind:1.besympathetic----understandthemindofmenandnottodisagreewithhim2.betender----mustnotbetooharshinhercriticism3.flatter----praiset