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一．讲解1.contradict:[kɔntrə'dikt]v.反驳,顶触,矛盾Don'tcontradictyourfather.别和你父亲犟嘴。2.violate:['vaiəleit]v.违犯,亵渎,干扰Thecountryviolatedtheinternationalagreement.这个国家违反了国际协议。3.Itisestimatedthat…据估计…What’sthepurposeof…….的目的是什么?have…incommon有共同点Afunctionistodo…作用就是…establisharelationship建立关系imagineasituation想象一种情况continuewith=goonwith继续anembarrassingsilence令人尴尬的沉默1）functionn.功能，作用thefunctionofthenerves神经机能thefunctionofeducation教育功能2）imaginev.（1）imagine(sb’s)doing（2）imaginesb.tobe1.Ican’timaginehermarryingamanofthatsort.我无法想象她竟能嫁给那种人。2.Wouldyoueverhaveimaginedhim/hisbecomingapolitician?你怎能料想到他竟当上政治家了?3.Heimaginesthatpeopledon'tlikehim,buttheydo.他以为人们不喜欢他，但他们是喜欢他的。3）purposeonpurpose故意地forthepurposeof…为了…目的4.apologizevt.[ə'pɔlədʒaiz]apologizetosbforsth.因为某事而向某人道歉apologyn.makeanapologytosb.forsth.因为某事而向某人道歉1).Apologizetoyoursister!给你姐姐赔个不是!2).Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyou.我因为没能接你而向你道歉.5.Talkingaboutobligationorlackofobligation[.ɔbli'geiʃən]n.义务,责任obligation:mustdo…必须做…havetodo…不得不做…(客观上的需要)lackofobligation:don’thavetododon’tneedtodo…没有必要做…needn’tdo…不必要做…didn’tneedtodoandneedn’thavedone1）.didn’tneedtodo:不需要做而且也没做2）.needn’thavedone:本不需要做而做了6.avoiddoingsth.避免干…makefriendswith…交朋友lacktheconfidence缺乏信心（vt.)benervousabout/of对…紧张atasocialevent在社交活动中lack：1）forlackof…由于缺乏…(n.)Theplantsdiedforlackofwater.2）lack….=lackfor…..缺少(vi.)（通常与否定连用）Shedoesn’tlackforfriends.Shelackstheexperience3）nolackof….…充足Wehavenolackofwaterconfidence:1)Heansweredthequestionswithconfidence.2)Ihaveconfidenceinmyability.对….有信心7.socialskills社交技能haveaconversation说话doplanning做计划doadvanceplanning预先计划一下worryabout担心1)advancev.行进,推进(1)Oursoldiersisadvancingtowardtheenemybase.(2)Sheadvancedtheminutehandtenminutes.(向……)前进;她将分针调快了10分钟。（2）Johnworkedsowellthathisbossadvancedhimtoahigherposition.升职（3）Theyadvancedthedateofthemeeting将(日期)提前2)advanceadj.预先的,在前的Advancewarning预先警报aadvanceticket预售票3)advancen.提前，前进，进展，进行inadvance事先,提前inadvanceof…在…前面,超过…（1）Chinahasmadegreatadvancesinindustry.（2）Theybookedtheticketsinadvance.4)advancedadj.高级的.先进的Anadvancedcountry.Advancedideas.TheadvancedEnglish高级英语8.lookawayfrom..把目光从..移开prepareyouforsth.(todosth.)使你为…作准备prepare(forsth.)todosth.准备干某事bepreparedfor有备无患9.thinkof…想起，回忆起(1)考虑=thinkabout(2)认为Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?(3)想起Ican’tthinkofyourtelephonenumber.(4)想出（到）thinkofagoodidea(5)thinkof…as把……看作lookon…asconsider…asregard…asthinkhighly/muchof…高度评介…很看重…thinknothing/littleof…认为…没什么,不重视…思考thinkabout.反复思考,熟虑thinkover想出thinkout环顾四周lookaround/about照看照顾lookafter回头看,回顾lookback尊敬lookupto鄙视lookdownon/upn调查(案件)lookintothecase小心,提防…lookoutforsth.浏览(书)lookthroughbooks查阅(字典)lookup..inthedictionary期待做某事lookforwardtodoing寻找lookforsafethings不会出错的事情damageconfidence伤害自信心atwo-wayprocess双向过程positivebodylanguage积极肯定的身体语言10.(1)Sure&Certain.(确定的,必然的,可靠的)Itissurethathehasbeeninjured.(错)Itiscertainthat….(正确)(2).certain某些,某种,某个acertaincountry=somecountry…..certaincountriesacertaincolour某种颜色foracertainreason因为某种原因forsure/certain;肯定地,毫无疑问地makesure/certainof；确保…besure/certaintodosth.…一定会…PrimeMinister首相，总理asocialoccasion社交场合socialrules社交规则11.inaddition另外besides=inaddition,=inadditionto…Inaddition,youneedtoknowhowlongyoushouldstay,andwhenyouhavetoleave.InadditiontoEnglish,hecanspeaktwootherforeignlanguages.have/get/make…ready做好准备makesb.sth.使某人成为…(makeyouabetterlistener)(使你成为一个较好的听众)keepgoodeyecontact保持得体的目光接触12.impresssb.给某人留下印象encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事smileatsb.对某人微笑shakeone’shand握手inagreement同意地atleast至少13.v.申请applyforthejob/position申请…..applytosb./thecompany向…申请applytosbforsth.向某人申请…（1）IappliedforajobasanEnglishteacher（2）Sheappliedtothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.她向政府申请经济援助。（3）Youshouldapplyinperson/byletter.当面/写信申请applyv.对……适应，适合，被适应applyoneselftodoingsth.…致力于…applylasertoanoperation应用（1）Youcan’tapplythisruletoeverycase.=Thisrulecan’tbeappliedtoeverycase.这个规则不能适应于所有的情况。（2）Whatyousaiddoesn’tapplytome.你所说的并不适合我。（3）Don’tapplyyourselftoplayingcomputergamesapplicationn.申请;申请书,申请表Hemadeanapplicationtotheclubformembership.他申请加入俱乐部。14.infavour/supportof...支持…dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人忙dogoodtosb.对某人有好处doharmtosb.对某人有危害dodamageto...对…造成破坏dowrongtosb.对某人不公平,冤枉某人Ihaveafavourtoask.=MayIaskafavourofyou?我可以请你帮点忙吗?=Willyoudomeafavour?=Willyoudoafavourforme?15.whatsortof=whatkindof什么种类的16.replytoaquestion=answeraquestion（口语）回答问题(正式）inreplyto=inanswerto=inresponseto作为对…的答复makeareply答复17.putmyfootinmymouth说错话、闹笑话、弄糟、引起麻烦beintroducedto被介绍给…atthatmoment在那时asaconsequence因此=Asaconsequenceofdoingsth.Asaconsequenceofsmoking,myfathercoughsfrequently.因为吸烟的缘故，我父亲经常咳嗽。lookawkward看起来尴尬businesssupplies商业必需品outspokenhumanbeing坦率的人basicrulesofsocialcommunication社交的基本原则makesystematicmistakes犯经常的错误18.cautiousadj.谨慎的、慎重的becautiousabout…Sheisverycautiousofhurtinghisfeelingsputonweight增加体重gothrough….经历cheersb.up使某人振作起来askformoreinformation要求得到更多的信息findout弄清，查明coincidence:[kəu'insidəns]a.同时发生的n.巧合1.Whatacoincidence!多巧的事啊！2.Bycoincidence,wearrivedhereatthesametime.我们凑巧一同到达这儿。3.That'sthemostincrediblecoincidenceI'veeverheardof!那是我听说过的最难以置信的巧合！bemodestabout….对..谦虚amessydivorce棘手的离婚19.discou