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第2章古典贸易理论英文习题（答案）-1-CHOICEQUESTIONS（D）1.Themercantilists（n.重商主义）wouldhaveobjectedto（反对）:a.Exportpromotionpolicies（出口促进政策）initiated（v.发起）bythegovernmentb.Theuseoftariffs（n.关税）orquotas（n.配额）torestrictimportsc.Tradepoliciesdesignedtoaccumulate（v.积累）goldandotherpreciousmetals（贵金属）d.Internationaltradebasedonopenmarkets（自由市场）（C）2.Unlikethemercantilists,AdamSmithmaintained（v.主张，坚称）that:a.Tradebenefitsonenationonlyattheexpenseof（在损失…的情况下）anothernationb.Governmentcontroloftradeleadstomaximum（adj.最大值的，最大量的）economicwelfare（经济福利）c.Allnationscangainfromfreeinternationaltraded.Theworld’soutputofgoodsmustremainconstant（adj.不变的）overtime（D）3.Thetradingprincipleformulated（v.明确表达）byAdamSmithmaintained（v.主张，坚称）that:a.Internationalpricesaredeterminedfromthedemandsideofthemarketb.Differencesinresourceendowments（资源禀赋）determinecomparativeadvantagec.Differencesinincomelevelsgovernworldtradepatternsd.Absolutecostdifferences（成本差异）determinetheimmediatebasisfortrade（A）4.Assumethatlaboristheonlyfactorofproduction（生产要素）andthatwagesintheUnitedStatesequal$20perhourwhilewagesintheUnitedKingdomequal$10perhour.ProductioncostswouldbelowerintheUnitedStatesthantheUnitedKingdomif:a.U.S.laborproductivityequaled40unitsperhourwhileU.K.laborproductivityequaled15unitsperhourb.U.S.laborproductivityequaled30unitsperhourwhileU.K.laborproductivityequaled20unitsperhourc.U.S.laborproductivityequaled20unitsperhourwhileU.K.laborproductivityequaled30unitsperhourd.U.S.laborproductivityequaled15unitsperhourwhileU.K.laborproductivityequaled25unitsperhour（C）5.Concerning（prep.关于，就…而论）internationaltraderestrictions（n.限制）,whichofthefollowingisfalse?Traderestrictions:a.Limitspecialization（专业化）andthedivisionoflabor（劳动分工）b.Reducethevolumeoftrade（贸易量）andthegainsfromtrade（贸易所得）c.Causenationstoproduceinsidetheirproductionpossibilitiescurves（生产可能性曲线）d.Mayresultinacountryproducingsomeoftheproductofitscomparativedisadvantage（A）6.Inatwo-country,two-productworld,thestatement“JapanenjoysacomparativeadvantageoverFranceinsteelrelativetobicycles”isequivalentto（相当于）:a.Francehavingacomparativeadvantage（比较优势）overJapaninbicyclesrelativetosteelb.Francehavingacomparativedisadvantagee（比较劣势）overJapaninbicyclesrelativetosteelc.JapanhavingacomparativeadvantageoverFranceinsteelandbicyclesd.JapanhavingacomparativedisadvantageagainstJapaninbicyclesandsteel（B）7.Intheabsenceoftrade,anationisinequilibrium（n.均衡）whereacommunityindifferencecurve（社会无差异曲线，CIC）:a.Liesaboveitsproductionpossibilitiescurveb.Istangent（adj.正切的；相切的）toitsproductionpossibilitiescurve（生产可能性曲线，PPC）c.Intersects（v.相交，交叉）itsproductionpossibilitiescurved.Liesbelowitsproductionpossibilitiescurve（C）8.Thegainsfrominternationaltradeincreaseas:a.Anationconsumesinsideofitsproductionpossibilitiesscheduleb.Anationconsumesalong（prep.沿着）itsproductionpossibilitiesschedulec.Theinternationaltermsoftraderisesabovethenation’sautarky（n.自给自足）priced.Theinternationaltermsoftradeapproaches（v.接近，靠近）thenation’sautarkyprice第2章古典贸易理论英文习题（答案）-2-（B）9.“Theequilibriumrelativecommoditypriceatwhichtradetakesplaceisdeterminedbytheconditionsofdemandandsupplyforeachcommodityinbothnations.Otherthingsbeingequal,thenationwiththemoreintense（adj.强烈的）demandfortheothernation’sexportedgoodwillgainlessfromtradethanthenationwiththelessintensedemand.”Thisstatementwasfirstproposed（v.提出）by:a.AlfredMarshallwithoffercurve（提供曲线）analysisb.JohnStuartMillwiththetheoryofreciprocaldemand（相互需求理论）c.AdamSmithwiththetheoryofabsoluteadvantaged.DavidRicardowiththetheoryofcomparativeadvantage（B）10.Givenatwo-countryandtwo-productworld,theUnitedStateswouldenjoyalltheattainable（adj.可得到的）gainsfromfreetradewithCanadaifit:a.TradesattheU.S.rateoftransformationb.TradesattheCanadianrateoftransformationc.Specializescompletely（完全专业化）intheproductionofbothgoodsd.Specializespartially（部分专业化）intheproductionofbothgoods（B）11.Ariseinthepriceofimportsorafallinthepriceofexportswill:a.Improve（v.改善）thetermsoftrade（贸易条件，TOT）b.Worsen（v.恶化）thetermsoftradec.Expandtheproductionpossibilitiescurve（生产可能性曲线）d.Contract（v.收缩）theproductionpossibilitiescurveTRUE-FALSEQUESTIONS（F）1.Inanopentradingsystem,acountrywillimportthosecommoditiesthatitproducesatrelativelylowcostwhileexportingcommoditiesthatcanbeproducedatrelativelyhighcost.Correct：importthosecommoditiesthatitproducesatrelativelyhighwhileexportingcommoditiesthatcanbeproducedatrelativelyhighcost（T）2.Themercantilists（n.重商主义者）contended（v.认为）thatbecauseonenation’sgainsfromtradecomeattheexpenseof（在损失...的情况下）itstradingpartners（贸易伙伴）,notallnationscouldsimultaneously（adv.同时）realizegainsfromtrade.（F）3.Accordingtotheprice-specie-flowdoctrine（价格-铸币-流动学说）,atrade-surplusnation（贸易顺差国）wouldexperiencegoldoutflows,adecreaseinitsmoneysupply,andafallinitspricelevel.Correct：atrade-surplusnationwouldexperiencegoldinflows,anincreaseinitsmoneysupply,andariseinitspricelevel.（F）4.Ifacountry’stermsoftradeworsen（v.恶化）,itmustexchangefewerexportsforagivenamountofimports.Correct：Ifacountry’stermsoftradeworsen,itmustexchangemoreexportsforagivenamountofimports.（F）5.Theprincipleofabsoluteadvantageasserts（