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第5章需求、技术变化与国际贸易英文习题（答案）-1-CHOICEQUESTIONS（D）1.AccordingtoStaffanLinder,tradebetweentwocountriestendstobemostpronounced（adj.明显的，显著的）whenthecountries:a.Findtheirtastesandpreferencestobequiteharmonious（adj.融洽的，和谐的）b.Experienceeconomiesoflarge-scaleproduction（规模经济）overlargeoutputlevelsc.Facedissimilar（adj.不同的，不相似的）relativeabundances（n.丰裕度）ofthefactorsofproductiond.Findtheirpercapitaincome（人均收入）levelstobeapproximately（adv.近似，差不多）thesame（B）2.Whichofthefollowingwouldleastlikelyapply（v.适用于）totheproductlifecycletheory?a.Calculators（n.计算器）andcomputersb.Coalandcrudeoil（原油）c.Homemoviecameras（家用摄影机）d.Officemachinery（办公设备）（B）3.Whichtradetheorysuggeststhatanewlyproducedgood,onceexported,couldultimatelyendup（最终，结果）beingimportedasthetechnologyistransferred（v.转移）tolower-costnations?a.Factorendowmenttheoryb.Productlifecycletheoryc.Overlappingdemandtheoryd.Comparativeadvantagetheory（A）4.Whichofthefollowingbestappliestothetheoryofoverlappingdemands?a.Manufacturedgoods（制成品）b.Servicesc.Primaryproducts（初级产品）d.Noneoftheabove（C）5.Thetheoryofoverlappingdemandspredicts（v.预测，预示）thattradeinmanufacturedgoodsisunimportantforcountrieswithverydifferent:a.Tastesandpreferencesb.Expectationsoffutureinterestratelevelsc.Per-capitaincome（人均收入）levelsd.Laborproductivities（C）6.Nationswith（）willhaveoverlappingdemandstructuresandwilllikelyconsumesimilartypesofmanufacturedgoodsa.Similartechnologylevelb.Similarfactorendowmentc.Similarpercapitaincomesd.Similarproductioncosts（A）7.Productlifecycletheoryfocuseson（聚焦于）theroleof（）asakeydeterminant（n.决定因素）oftradepatternsinmanufacturedproducts（制成品）a.Technologicalinnovationb.Resourceendowment（资源禀赋）c.Incomeleveld.Consumers’preference（n.偏好）TRUE-FALSEQUESTIONS第5章需求、技术变化与国际贸易英文习题（答案）-2-（F）1.AccordingtoStaffanLinder,thefactorendowmenttheory（要素禀赋理论）isusefulinexplainingtradepatternsinmanufacturedgoods（制成品）,butnotprimaryproducts（初级产品）.Correct:AccordingtoStaffanLinder,thefactorendowmenttheoryisusefulinexplainingtradepatternsinprimaryproducts,butnotmanufacturedgoods.Correct:AccordingtoStaffanLinder,thetheoryofoverlappingdemandsisusefulinexplainingtradepatternsinmanufacturedgoods,butnotprimaryproducts.（T）2.Thetheoryofoverlappingdemandscontends（v.认为）thatinternationaltradeinmanufacturedproductsisstrongestamongnationswithsimilarincomelevels.（T）3.Accordingtotheproductlifecycletheory,thelaststageofaproduct’stradecycleiswhenitbecomesanimport-competinggood（进口竞争产品）.（F）4.Theproduct-life-cyclemodelcontends（v.认为）thatwhenanewproductisintroducedtothehomemarket,itgenerallyrequireslow-skilledlabortoproduceit.Correct:Theproduct-life-cyclemodelcontendsthatwhenanewproductisintroducedtothehomemarket,itgenerallyrequireshightechnologytoproduceit.（F）5.Accordingtotheproductlifecyclemodel,comparativeadvantageshiftsfromcheap-laborcountriestohigh-technologycountriesafteramanufacturedgoodbecomesstandardized（adj.标准化）.Correct:Accordingtotheproductlifecyclemodel,comparativeadvantageshiftsfromhigh-technologycountriestocheap-laborcountriesafteramanufacturedgoodbecomesstandardized（T）6.Theintroductionstageofthetradecyclebeginswhenaninnovator（n.创新者）establishesatechnologicalbreakthrough（n.突破）intheproductionofamanufacturedgoods.（T）7.Thetradecycleiscompletewhentheproductionprocessbecomessostandardized（adj.标准化的）thatitcanbeeasilyusedbyothernations.Thetechnologicalbreakthrough（技术突破）thereforenolongerbenefitsonlytheinnovatingnation（创新国）.（F）8.Theproductlifecycletheoryfocusesontheroleofpercapitaincome（人均收入）asakeydeterminantoftradepatternsinmanufacturedproducts.Correct:Theproductlifecycletheoryfocusesontheroleoftechnologicalinnovation.（T）9.Technologicalinnovationscommonlyresultinnewmethodsofproducingexistingcommodities,intheproductionofnewcommodities,orincommodityimprovements.Thesefactorscanaffect（v.影响）comparativeadvantageandthepatternoftrade.（T）10.Linder（林德）statesthatfirmswithinacountryaregenerallymotivated（v.促动，激发）tomanufacturegoodsforwhichthereisalargedomesticmarket.Thismarketdeterminesthesetofgoodsthatthesefirmswillhavetosellwhentheybegintoexport.Theforeignmarketswithgreatestexportpotentialwillbefoundinnationswithconsumertastessimilartothoseofdomesticconsumers.Anation’sexportsarethusanextension（n.伸展，扩大；延长）ofproductionforthedomesticmarket.