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语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)语态1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.aremade3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.主变被解题步骤宾变主,主放后,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+donebymanystudents.1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.Englishisstudied2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.肯定句：主语＋be+过去分词＋(by~)否定句：主语＋benot＋过去分词＋(by~)一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by~)?特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by~)被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。bymanystudents.Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.Englishisnotstudied助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.被动语态的结构助动词be+及物动词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.1.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．bythemlastterm.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswerebought•Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.•Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.•Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.•Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：willbe+过去分词1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.•Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.•Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.•Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．byAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewatershouldbedrunkbyyou.1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being＋过去分词1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．bysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.HeiswatchingTV.TVisbeingwatchedbyhim.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has＋been＋过去分词1.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．byus.Twentymorekeyshavebeenmade2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.表格：被动态基本结构时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/will/begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneSuchbooksarewrittenforchildren.Ihaven’tbeentoldaboutit.被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.It’s/wassaid/believed/reported/+that…It’sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.如：1.Hegavemeabook.－Iwasgivenabookbyhim.－AbookwasgiventomebyTom.2.Heboughtusabasketball.－Wewereboughtabasketballbyhim.－Abasketballwasboughtforusbyhim.被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.keep,make等动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。Wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge.主谓宾宾补－Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge.Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding.－Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Mychildistakengoodcareof.Iturnedofftheradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byme)3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－bybecoveredwith…用…覆盖着beinterestedin…对…感兴趣besurprisedat…对…感到惊奇bemadeof（from）用…制造的动词短语的被动语态takecareof－betakencareofcutdown－becutdown（削减）laughat－belaughedatlookafter－belookedafter即hear,listen,look,watch,see,notice，have,make,let,这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.2.Weheardthemsingintheclassroom.Theywasheardtosingintheclassroom.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时，不能改为被动语态。Weoftenhelpeachother.Heputallthebooksbesideoneanother（2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have,like,takeplace,belongto…）Iliketheseflowers.Iwillhaveameeting.不说Ameetingwillbehad.应说Ameetingwillbeheld.5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况（3）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态•常见的动词有：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,last,remain,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,takeplace,happen,fall,riseEx.Thepricehasbeenrisen.（错）Thepricehasrisen.（对）（4）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语•fit,marry,succeedin,arriveat/in,sufferfrom,agreewith,walkinto,belongto,takepartinEx.Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.（5）系动词无被动语态•be,become,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnEx.Ittastesgood.Thetreegrowswell.•1）wash,clean,cook,cut,sell,read,wear,draw,write,remain,keep主要用来描述主语(某一事物)的特征，主语常是物Ex.Thebooksellswell.Theclotheswasheasily.Yourarticlereadswell.2).want,need,require作“需要”解时及beworth,inneedof后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。E.g.:1:Theflowerneeds/wants/