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Unit2WorkingthelandGrammerV-ingassubjectandobject动名词做主语和宾语如果一个动词加上ing变成了名词，那么这个词称为动名词。它兼有动词和名词的特征。（swimming,dancing,smoking）动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾语。Examples:Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.吸烟有害健康。Heenjoyslisteningtomusic,playingmah-jong,swimingandreading.他喜欢听音乐，打麻将，游泳和读书。——————————————————————————(smoking在句中作主语。)(listening,playing,swiming和reading在句中做宾语。)一、动名词做主语welcometousethesePowerPointtemplates,NewContentdesign,10yearsexperience1.V-ing作主语直接置于句首2.V-ing做主语置于句末，用it做形式主语3.常用V-ing形式做主语的句型4.V-ing形式和todo不定式做主语时的区别1.V-ing做主语直接位于句首Swimmingismyfavouritesport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。Learningnewwordsisveryimportant.学习新单词非常重要。————————————————————2.V-ing做主语置于句末，用it做形式主语Itisnousewaitinghere．在这儿等是没用的。(It为形式主语，waitinghere为真正的主语)Itisnogoodsmoking.吸烟是没有好处的。(It为形式主语，smoking为真正的主语)waitinghereisnouse.smokingisnogood.3.常用V-ing形式做主语的句型Itis/wasawasteoftimedoing...做...是浪费时间的。Itis/wasnogood/usedoing...做...是没有好处/用处的。Itisawasteoftimesittinginfrontofthetelevisionallday.Sittinginfrontofthetelevisionalldayisawasteoftime.Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Telephoninghimisuseless.Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing...做...是值得的。Itis/washardly/scarelyworthdoing...做...是不值得的。Itwasworthwhilesearchingforhim.Searchingforhimwasworthwhile.Itishardlyworthhelpinghim.Helpinghimishardlyworth.Itis/wasuselessdoing...做...是没有用处的。Thereis/wasnopoint(in)doing...做...没意义。Thereisnopoint(in)tryingtostophim.Itisuselessdoingexercise.Doingexerciseisuseless.4.V-ing形式和todo不定式做主语时的区别1）作主语时，不定式与动名词一般可以通用。2）动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,表示一种普遍性的事情或一种经验和体会一般用动名词作主语。3）不定式则通常表示具体的动作（指句中有具体的时间、频率、地点、方式状语）或将来的动作不定式作主语。Singingismyhobby,andtosingonmyfriend'sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。_________________singing表示泛指行为唱歌tosing表示特指动作唱歌————————————————————————onmyfriend'sbirthdayparty具体的时间状语NosmokingNoparkingNoswimming=Nosmokingisallowed(here).V-ing用于布告形式的省略结构中。动名词常用于简短的禁令中:1.Itisnouse_____.A.waithereB.waitinghereC.towaithereD.waitedhere2.Itispleasant_____．A.workingwithyouB.workwithyouC.workedwithyouD.toworkingwithyou3.___alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.LearnB.BeinglearnedC.TolearnD.LearningBAD二、动名词做宾语welcometousethesePowerPointtemplates,NewContentdesign,10yearsexperience1.V-ing作动词的宾语2.动词接V-ing或todo做宾语的区别3.V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型4.在下面几类句子中，介词in常可省略1.V-ing做动词的宾语某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词有:admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,risk,miss,delay(延误),practise,suggest,can'tstand（不能忍受）giveup,putoff,keepon,setabout,succeedin,insiston,feellike,be/getusedto(习惯于做...),devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto(着手做...)等。避免错过(少)延期建议完成(多)练习喜欢想象禁不住承认否定(与)嫉妒逃脱冒险(莫)原谅忍受保持(不)在意avoidmissdelay/postponesuggest/advisefinishpractiseenjoy/appreciateimagineresist/can’thelpstandkeep/keeponmindescaperiskpardon/excuseadmitdenyenvy①常用的带介词to短语有:leadto/lookforwardto/devote…to/payattentionto/be(get)usedto/getdownto(开始认真干)/objectto/beopposedto（反对)/beaddictedto（沉溺于）②其他:can’thelp（情不自禁)/insiston/putoff(推迟)/can’tbear/stand（不能忍受）feellike/succeedin/dependon/befondof/beworth/inadditionto/havedifficultyindoing2.动词接V-ing或todo做宾语的区别（意义差别很大）1.时间不同Frogs(蛙)是“两栖”，不是“过去”，就是“将来”F------------------r----------------og-----------sforgetremember/regretgoonstop2.意义不同try+doing“试着做某事”+todo“尽力做某事”mean+doing“意味着”+todo“想做某事”can'thelptodo不能帮着做...can'thelpdoing禁不住做...b.还有一类动词（短语）可接V-ing形式或不定式做宾语，但意义区别较大。remember/regret/forgettodo记着/遗憾/忘记要做...remember/regret/forgetdoing记着/遗憾/忘记已做了...Iremembertomailtheletterbutforgetbuyingthestamp.我记得去寄信可忘了已买邮票了。trytodo尽力去做...trydoing试着去做...stoptodo停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事情（不做某事）Hestoppedtoread.Hestoppedreading.Hedidn'ttrytodoit.whydidn'tyoutryridingabiketogotoschool?meantodo打算，意欲做...meandoing意味着...can'thelptodo不能帮着做...can'thelpdoing禁不住做...Hecan'thelptofinishthework.Hecan'thelpcrying.Ididn'tmeantodothat.LosingabusinLondonmeanswaitingforanotherhour.c.注意：在need,require,want和worth之后．动名词用主动式表示被动，不定式要用被动式。如：Yourwatchneedsrepairing.=Yourwatchneedstoberepaired．你的表需要修理。Thesickbabyrequiresexamining.=Thesickbabyrequires_____________.tobeexaminedd.注意:在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit＋名词／代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如：Wedon'tallowsmoking．Wedon'tallowanybodytosmoke．Iwilpermitdoingso.Iwillpermithim________.todoso3.V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型主语++it+doingthinkconsiderfindfeellikeuselessnousenogood...Ifoundituselessarguingwithhim.Ifoundarguingwithhimuseless.用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是V-ing短语，其结构如下：主语+havetrouble/difficulty+(in)+V-ing...做...有困难.主语+spendtime/money+(in)+V-ing...花费时间/金钱在...4.在下面几类句子中，介词in常可省略。Ihavesomedifficulty(in)finishingthework.Ispenttwohours(in)gettinghome.主语+bebusy+(in)+V-ing...忙于做...主语+losenotime+(in)+V-ing...立即做...Iwilllosenotime(in)readingthisbook.I'mbusy(in)preparingfortheexams.1.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish_______mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaire2.Mr.Smithmadeuphismindtodevoteallhislifeto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren．A．setupB．settingupC．havesetupD．havingsetupAB3.Haveyouforgotten___$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremembe