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句子成分讲解1.分析句子成分ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.思考：每个部分在句中充当什么成分？主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语同位语2.句子有哪些成分？句子成分定义：主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。eg.IamaChinesestudent.Johnismybestfriend.2.1主语注意：1.在倒装句、疑问句、感叹句中，句子主语可放在谓语之后eg.Doyoulikeit?2.在祈使句中，主语you常常省略。eg.Don’tmove.2.1主语a)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.b)Shewentoutinahurry.c)Fourplusfouriseight.d)Toseeistobelieve.e)Smokingisbadforhealth.f)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.g)Whathehassaidistrue.2.1主语作主语的成分名词代词数词动词不定式动名词the+形容词从句a)Thatshewaschosenmadeagreatstir(轰动)inherschool.b)Itwasapitythatyoushouldn’tgotoseethefilm.c)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.2.1主语练习：找出下列句中的主语定义：主语的动作或主语所具有的特征和状态,一般在主语之后。2.2谓语分类简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成复合谓语：情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形基本助动词be、do、have由系动词加表语构成2.2谓语Iamastudent.Iambeautiful.Helikesreading.Icanswim.ShehasfinishedthehomeworkIdon’tlikeapples.a)Wecome.b)Thesunrose.c)IhavefinishedmyhomeworksoIcanplaynow.d)Knowinghisdisadvantages,Icandefeathimeasily.e)Tiredandhungry,wearrivedhomewithnothingtoeat.2.2谓语练习：找出下列句中的谓语定义：谓语动词的对象或承受者。一般位于及物动词或者介词后。2.3宾语a)Ilikemyjob.b)Iloveyou.c)Hewantedtoleavehere.d)Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.e)Heaskedwherehewas.f)Thenewmedicinemakesitpossibletotreatthisterribledisease.2.3宾语作宾语的成分名词代词（宾格）动词不定式动名词从句it作形式宾语单宾语：一个宾语双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语复合宾语：（宾语+宾补）2.3宾语宾语的分类1.IlikeEnglish.2.Iamwritingaletter.1.Hegaveme(间宾)aletter(直宾).2.Iwillemailyou(间宾)mytrainingplan(直宾)1.Tommadethegirl(宾语)cry(宾补).2.Weconsiderhim(宾语)agoodteacher(宾补).1.Heenjoysreading.2.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.3.Hesaid“Goodmorning.”4.Ishowedhimmypictures.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.2.3宾语找出下列句中的宾语间宾直宾宾语从句单宾语：一个宾语双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语复合宾语：（宾语+宾补）2.3宾语宾语的分类定义：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。2.4宾语补足语a)Ifoundthebookinteresting.b)DoyouhearTomsinging?c)Hemadehimselfunderstood.d)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.e)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.f)Pleasekeepthedogout.g)Wemustkeepitasecret.2.4宾语补足语作宾语补足语的成分形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.2.4宾语补足语练习：找出下列句中的宾语补足语定义：又叫主语补足语。用于说明主语的身份、特征或状态。一般位于系动词之后。2.5表语系动词：也称联系动词。是用来辅助主语的动词。2.5表语本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。状态系动词：be持续系动词：keep,remain,stay,lie,stand表像系动词：seem,appear,look看起来像感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,taste变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.终止系动词：prove,turnout,表达证实，变成IamastudentIt'shers.Timeisprecious.Thewarwasover.Fiveplustwoisseven.TheyseemtoknowthetruthMyhobbyisreading.2.5表语作表语的成分名词名词性代词形容词副词数词不定式动名词Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.2.5表语作表语的成分介词短语从句1.Thereasonwasthathemissedthetrain.2.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.3.Hefellinlove.4.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.5.Theappletastesgood.2.5表语练习：找出下列句中的表语定义：修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语、从句位置：前置：单独的单词放在所修饰名词或代词前。后置：短语或从句作定语时，放在所修饰名词或代词后2.6定语Heisacleverboy.Theboythereismyfriend.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.2.6定语作定语的成分形容词副词名词数词数词所有格动名词Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?2.6定语作定语的成分现在分词过去分词从句1.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapen.2.Theboyneedsabluepen3.Theboyneedsaballpen.4.Theboythereneedsapen.5.Theboyneedsapentowritewith.2.6定语练习：找出下列句中的定语6.Thesmilingboyneedsapen.7.Theboyneedsthepenboughtbyhismother.8.Theboywhoiscryingneedsapen.9.Whatisyourgivenname?2.6定语练习：找出下列句中的定语定义：用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.说明动作或状态特征的句子成分表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.2.7状语Thisbookisveryinteresting.Iwillbebackinawhile.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.2.7状语作状语的成分副词介词短语动词不定式分词从句定义：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。同位语是对前面出现的名词的具体内容进一步的说明。2.8同位语Westudentsshouldstudyhard.Weallarestudents.Youthreetaketheseseats.People,oldandyoung,tooktothestreetstowatchtheparade.Hefollowedtheordertowalkalongthestreet.2.8同位语作同位语的成分名词代词数词形容词动词不定式Hisonlyinterest,travellingaround,hasbroughthimalotoffriends.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.2.8同位语作同位语的成分动名词从句1.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.2.He,mybrother,isanactor.3.Tom,aten-year-oldboy,ismyonlyfriend.4.WeChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.2.8同位语练习：找出下列句中的同位语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语同位语2总结：句子成分句子成分ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.谓语主语定语宾语同位语状语每个部分在句中充当什么成分？谓语动作发出者主语动作或主语的特征和状态谓语动词的对象或承受者修饰或限定名词或代词对前面出现的名词的具体内容进一步的说明说明动作或状态特征简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.复合句：并列复合句：有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。(and,but,or,so)主从复合句：由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。3.句子分类句子分类MybrotherandIlikeapples.(并列主语)Ilikeapplesanddislikebananas.(并列谓语)Ihaveanappleandhehastwo.分类：形容词性从句：定语从句名词性从句：主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句a.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?b.Whathehassaidistrue.c.Heaskedwherehewas.d.ThebookiswhatIneed.e.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.f.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.判断从句类型放在名词后，修饰名词→定语从句从句放在主语的位置→主语从句从句放在宾语的位置→宾语从句从句放在表语的位置→表语从句原因状语从句从句放在名词后，是对消息内容的说明→同位语从句4.五大基本句型1）(主＋谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。Wecome.Thesunrose.4.五大基本句型1）(主＋谓)Wecome.2）(主＋系＋表)Thedinnersmellsgood.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Timeisprecious.4.五大基本句型1）(主＋谓)Wecome.2）(主＋系＋表)Timeisprecious.3)(主＋谓＋宾)谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟