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《西文化概论》习题第1页共16页Chapter1AncientGreekCulture1.HowdidZeuspunishPrometheusforstealingfirefromhim?【宙斯如何惩罚盗火的普罗米修斯？】P6Prometheuswaschainedtoamountain,aneaglewoulddevourhisliver,andhisliverwouldgrowoutthenextdaybeforetheeaglecametodevouritagain.(普罗米修斯被锁链锁在一座山上，他的肝脏被一只鹰吞噬，而他的肝脏又会在第二天，那只鹰来吃之前长出来）2.Whatdoesthephrase“Achilles’heel”referto?【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢？】P12AchillesisthebravestandstrongestoftheGreekwarriorsintheTrojanWar,andhisheelishisonlyweakness,nowusethewordAchilles’heeltodescribeonesonlyweakness.(阿基里是特洛伊战争中一个最勇敢最强壮的战士，后脚跟是他唯一的缺点，现在用这个词来形容一个人唯一的缺点）3.WhatisthenameofthemountainwheretheancientGreeksbelievedtheirgodslived?【古希腊人认为他们的神住在哪座山上？】P6MountOlympia(奥林匹亚山）4.Whoisthegodoftheunderworld?【阴间的神是谁？】P8Hades(哈迪斯——冥王）5.WhichbattleinancientGreecestartedfromtheappleofdiscord?《西文化概论》习题第2页共16页【古希腊开战的祸根？】P13TheTrojanWar(特洛伊战争）6.WhataretheprimarysymbolsoftheseagodPoseidon?【海神波塞冬的主要标志？】P8Hisweapon，trident（他的武器，三叉戟）7.WhatisthepsychologicaltermcoinedbySigmundFreudbasedontheGreekmythologicalcharacterOedipus?【什么心理学词汇是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德根据希腊神话人物俄狄浦斯所创造的?】P14Oedipuscomplex（恋母情结）8.WhowasconsideredbyAristotletobethefirstphilosopherinGreektradition?【谁是亚里士多德认为的希腊传统上第一位哲♂学家】P15Thales（泰利斯）9.InGreekmythology,Prometheus普罗米修斯madehumanbeingsoutofclay（粘上）,taughtmanhowtosurviveintheharsh（严酷的）environmentandstolefirefromheavenforthebenefitofman.10.Apollo阿波罗isthesun-godandthegodofmusicandpoetry.11.Artemis（阿耳特弥斯）,alsoknownasDiana戴安娜,isthegoddessofmoon,wildanimals,thehunt,vegetation,chastityandchildbirth.《西文化概论》习题第3页共16页12.Athena雅典娜isthegoddessofwar,handicraftandwisdom.13.Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒isthegoddessofbeautyandlove,betterknownbyherRomannameVenus维纳斯.14.ErosisthesonofVenus,betterknownbyhisRomannameCupid丘比特_.15.Hermes赫尔墨斯isthegodofthieves（蒂费斯小偷）,travelersandmerchants.Heisoftendepictedwithapairofwingedsandals有翅膀的凉鞋哈哈哈andawingedcap（有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈），whichenablehimtotravelswifterthansight.16.Identifywhoeachofthefollowingdescriptionsisreferringto.P14-221)ThegreatestofancientGreekepicpoets,heistheauthorofthe'Iliad'and'Odyssey'.（这个人是古希腊的伟大诗人，写过《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》）B.荷马不是河马2)ThisphilosopherwastheteacherofAlexandertheGreatandsetuphisownschool---named---Lyceum.（这个人担任过亚历山大大帝的老师，还建立了“学会”）A.亚里士多德3)Forthisphilosophereverythingwasrelatedtomathematicsandnumbersweretheultimatereality.HeinfluencedPlatoanddiscoveredatheoremthatwasnamedafterhim.D.毕达哥拉斯_4)ThisphilosopherwastheteacherofPlatoandtheprotagonistofPlato’s《西文化概论》习题第4页共16页dialogues._E.苏格拉底5)ThisphilosopherandstudentofSocratesfoundedtheAcademyinAthens,thefirstinstitutionofhigherlearningintheWesternworld.C.柏拉图Chapter3Food1.Whatcantheword“salad”mean?Andthephrase“saladdays”?【“沙拉”是什么？“沙拉时光”又是什么？】P77Salad，amixtureoffoods,consistingofchoppedvegetables,meat,seafoodandsoon.Saladdays,meansayouthfultime.(沙拉是一种混合食物，包含了切碎的菜，肉，海鲜之类的；沙拉时光指的是年轻的岁月）2.Whencansaladbeservedduringameal?【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢？】P78Saladsmaybeservedatanypointduringameal(沙拉在什么时候都可以吃）3.Canyounamesomekindsofsaladandexplainthem?Whatisthedifferencebetweengreensaladsandvegetablesalads?【你能举一些沙拉品种的例子并且解释它们吗？绿色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么区别吗？】P78Sidesalads,akindofsidedish;Entreesalads,asthemaindishes.Wecanaddsomemeat,fishingreensalads,butnotinvegetablessalads.(配菜沙拉，一种配菜；A.AristotleB.HomerC.PlatoD.PythagorasE.Socrates《西文化概论》习题第5页共16页主菜沙拉，充当主菜；我们可以在绿色沙拉里面加鱼加肉，但不在蔬菜沙拉中加）4.Whataresaladdressings?WhatarethethreebasictypesofsaladdressingappliedinWesternculture?Pleasegivesomeexamplesofeachtype.【沙拉酱是什么？西方文化中的三大主要沙拉酱是什么？请举例】P79Theyaresaucesforsalads.Thethreebasictypesofsaladsdressingarevinaigrette,creamydressingandcookeddressing.(他们是沙拉的酱汁。三大主要沙拉酱是指醋，奶油酱和烹饪调料）5.Whatisatypicalcheesemakingprocesscomposedof?【典型乳酪的制作过程】P81Preparingthemilk,separatingthecurdsfromthewhey,pressingthecurds,agingthecheese,wrappingnaturalcheese,andmakingandwrappingtheprocessedcheese.(准备牛奶，从乳清中扩散凝乳，压凝乳，乳酪熟化，包装自然乳酪和制作并包装成品乳酪）6.Whataretheeightcheesefamilies?【八大乳酪家族？】P81Freshcheese,Bloomyrindcheese,Naturalrindcheese,Blue-veinedcheese,Uncookedpressedcheese,CookedpressedcheeseandProcessedcheese.(白乳酪，花皮软质奶酪，水洗软质奶酪，压缩未熟奶酪，蓝（青）纹奶酪，压缩成熟奶酪，山羊奶酪和融化奶酪（再制干酪））顺序按百度的资料而定《西文化概论》习题第6页共16页7.WhenistheNationalSandwichDay/MonthinAmerica?Whatisthemainpurposeofthecelebration?【美国的国家三明治日在什么时候？庆祝的主要目的是？】P82November3；Themainpurposeistocallpeople’sattentiontotheconvenience,versatilityandnutritionofsandwiches,(十一月3号；主要目的是让人关注三明治的便捷，多功能和营养）8.Whatcantheword“spaghetti”mean?Andwheredoesthephrase“spaghettigenre（类型）offilms”originatefrom?【“意大利面”是什么东西？短语“意大利面类型的电影”来自何处？】P84Spaghettiisonetypeofpastathatislovedthroughouttheworld.Andthephrase“spaghettigenreoffilms”canbeusedtodescribesomethingthatiscomplicatedortangled.MostofthesefilmswereproducedanddirectedbyItalians.(意大利面s是意大利面p的一种类型，被全世界热爱。“意大利面类型的电影”这句短语是指错综复杂的电影，这些电影通常由意大利人编导）9.Whatcantheword“turkey”evoke（唤起）andwhy?【“火鸡”这个词是怎么叫开的？为什么？】P85Imagesoffamily,friendscelebrationandgivingthankssinceturkeyhasbeenassociated（相关的）withholidayssuchasThanksgivingandChristmasfora《西文化概论》习题第7页共16页longtime.（很长一段时间内，在家庭聚会，朋友们庆祝的时候，例如感恩节和圣诞节，都有火鸡的身影）10.Whenistheseasontoforenjoyingturkey?【享用火鸡的季节？】P85November（十一月）11.Whatistheturkeyviewedas?【火鸡被视为什么？】P85Ani