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Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气Q:What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.（虚拟条件句）(真实条件句）Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.IfIwonthelotterynow,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.现在事实相反过去事实相反将来事实相反时间If条件句主句过去现在将来一、If条件句：时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonecouldmight现在were/didwouldshould+docouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+docouldMight一、If条件句：Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题1)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined2)Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.（96N）A.drove…didn’tgetB.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tgetD.weredriving…wouldn’tgetBB虚拟语气If型特例1：错综条件句：定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.与过去相反虚拟语气If型特例2：省略if的条件从句：用法：从句中有were,had或should时，省略if，而把它们放在句首。3.Ifyouhadnothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.2.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdothat.WereIyou,Iwouldnotdothat.Shouldhefailedintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor，you________allright.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeenwish+宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)二、时态往前推一步型（1）Ifonly，asif/though与wish用法一样IwishI_____abird.wereIwisheveryday_____mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI____________(noteat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teatenwouldrather+that（从句）宁愿……过去时过去完成时过去现在/将来二、时态往前推一步型（2）虚拟语气I’dratheryouwenttomorrow(now).宁愿你明天(现在)去。I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.宁愿你没这样做。•Iwouldratheryou________(pay)menow（tomorrow）.•Iwouldratheryou_______(go)thereyesterday.paidhadgoneIt’s(high)time+that过去时(were/did)Should(不省)+V.你该走了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.二、时态往前推一步型（3）二、时态往前推一步型（4）虚拟语气butfor+n(要不是),without+n(没有)，otherwise(否则)，inthatcase(如果那样)，一些短语其后的句子与if主句用法一致。+句子would/could/should/might+dowould/could/should/might+havedone现在/将来过去1.Withoutsunlight,orwaterorair,there___nolifeontheearth.AwillhaveBwouldbeCcanbeDmustbe2Butforthesnow,we___earlier.AwillarriveBwouldhavearrivedCarriveDarrived三个建议四个要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,desire,require,request其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中。虚拟语气三、Should+v型两个命令一个坚持1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：虚拟语气类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，important，apity……三、Should+V型2.Itis+adj+that....It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalk.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.1.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.A.notwentB.won'tgoC.notgoD.nottogo2.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthathe___ill.AbeBwasCshouldbeDis3.Heinsistshe______right.A.wereB.wasC.beD.is•couldhavedone•mighthavedone•should/oughttohavedone•shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone•wouldhavedone•wouldn’thavedone•needn’thavedone四、情态动词的虚拟过去本来能做但却没做过去本可以做但却没做过去本该做但却没做过去本不该做但却做了过去本没必要做但却做了本会做但却没做本会做但却做了2.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI______forher.(N1994)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitoutSubjectivemoodIf型Should+do型时态往前推一步型情态动词。。。。。。。。。错综条件句(各自为准)Were,had,should提前，省略if1.一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。2.Itis（necessary，strange…）+that…1.wish/ifonly/asif2.Wouldrather3.Itis(high)timethat…4.Butfor/otherwise/without/inthatcase1.过去式2.过去完成3.could/would/might+do1.过去式2.过去完成Should（不省）+do过去式同if主句insistsuggest情态动词+havedone过去本…但却未…1.判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间脚踏实地迎接高考虚拟语气1.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missedExercises2.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet虚拟语气Exercises3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten虚拟语气Exercises4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell虚拟语气Exercises5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone虚拟语气Exercises虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldgetExercises7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been虚拟语气Exercises8.I___yousomemoney,butIhadn’tgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent虚拟语气Exercises9.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had虚拟语气Exercises10.Idon’tthinkitistherighttimethatyou__.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo虚拟语气Exercises11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken虚拟语气Exercises12.Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting______.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff虚拟语气Exercises13.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.---Oh,didyou?You______withBarbara.(N1998)A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed虚拟语气Exercises