语言学试卷-2

A卷【第1页共5页】1.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis__C___.A.logicalB.non-arbitraryC.arbitraryD.non-productive2.Chomskyusestheterm___B___torefertotheactualuseofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinconcretesituation.A.langueB.PerformanceC.paroleD.competence3.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?BA.DirectiveB.PhaticC.InformativeD.Evocative4.___B__referstothefactthatthelanguageuserscanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.A.DualityB.CreativityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness5.____C___phoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.A.AuditoryB.AcousticC.ArticulatoryD.Visional6.Inwhichwayisthevowel[u]described?BA.tensehighcentralroundedvowelB.laxhighbackroundedvowelC.laxmidbackroundedvowelD.tensehighcentralroundedvowel7.Whichofthefollowingpairsbelongstotheminimalpair?CA.tink-dinB.vase-caseC.tin-tillD.pea-appear8.[p][ph]neveroccuratthesameplaceofwords,thatis,[ph]neverappearsafterthesound[s].Theyaresaidtobein__A___.A.complementarydistributionB.freevariationC.contrastivedistributionD.freedistribution9.Inthetheoryof“Semantictriangle”,OgdenandRichardsarguethattherelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect.Itismediatedby__B_____.A.symbolB.ConceptC.cultureD.thought10.TheutteranceWe'realreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdaysaweek.obviouslyviolatesthemaximof___D___.A.mannerB.quantityC.relationD.quality11.Speechacttheorywasfirstproposedby__A___.A.JohnAustinB.JohnSearleC.NoamChomskyD.PaulGrice12.Thewords“bird”and“black”arecalled_____B____becausetheycanoccurunattached.A.derivationalmorphemesB.freemorphemesC.boundmorphemesD.inflectionalmorphemes13.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are_____D_____.A.gradableantonymyB.co-hyponymsC.synonymsD.converseantonymy14.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas__C____.A.＋ANIMATE,＋HUMAN,＋MALE,－ADULTB.＋ANIMATE＋HUMAN－MALE,－ADULTC.＋ANIMATE,＋HUMAN,＋MALE,＋ADULTD.－ANIMATE,＋HUMAN,－MALE,－ADULT15.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__C____.A.functionwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.lexicalwordsD.formwords16.Whatistheconstructionofthesentence“Thegirllaughed”?CA.CoordinateB.EndocentricC.ExocentricD.Subordinate17.Ofthethreespeechacts,pragmatistsaremostinterestedinthe___B___becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeaker’sintention.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.constativeact18.Itistruethattherearenoabsolutesynonyms.Whenwesaytwowordsaresynonymswitheachother,weusuallymeantheyhavethesame__A___.A.conceptualmeaningB.referenceC.connotativemeaningD.socialmeaning19.Thewordformationof“motel”is___D__.A.acronymB.clippingC.backformationD.blendingA卷【第2页共5页】20.Thetechniqueofbreakingupsentencesintosmallerunitsbymakingsuccessivebinarycuttingiscalled______.A.PredicationanalysisB.ComponentialanalysisC.GrammaticalanalysisD..ImmediateConstituentAnalysis21.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[p][b][m][w]sharethefeatureof___C____.A.palatalB.dentalC.bilabialD.alveolar22.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtothephenomenonofassimilation?DA.NasalizationB.DentalizationC.DevoicingD.Metathesis23.AccordingtoBloomfield,___A___is“theminimumfreeform”,thatis,thesmallestunitthatcanconstituteacompleteutterancebyitself.A.wordB.sentenceC.morphemeD.group24.InSaussure’sview,languageisasystemofsigns:eachsignconsistsoftwoparts:__B___(concept)and_____(soundimage).A.signifiersignifiedB.signifiedsignifierC.sensesymbolD.symbolsense25.Inthesewordsreceive,perceive,conceive,thispart-ceivebelongsto__B___.A.suffixB.boundrootmorphemeC.freerootmorphemeD.affix26.Suchwordsasbut,if,and,dragon,ghosthave___B_____.A.bothsenseandreferenceB.sense,noreferenceC.reference,nosenseD.havenosenseorreference27.Thewordbeadoriginallymeant“prayer”,butnowitrefersto“small,ball-shapedpieceofglass,metalorwood.”Itisthecaseof______ofthesemanticchangeinthehistory.A.broadeningB.narrowingC.meaningshiftD.classshift28.Thecooperativeprinciplewasproposedby_____.A.JohnAustinB.PaulGriceC.NoamChomskyD.JohnSearle29.Inthesentence“Theboyissmiling”,“boy”canbereplacedbygirl,child,studentgrammatically.Thisrelationbetweenoneelementpresentandtheothersabsentiscalled__D__relation.A.horizontalB.syntagmaticC.chainD.paradigmatic30.A(n)_____D______isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.PhoneB.SoundC.AllophoneD.phoneme1.Theclear[l]andthedark[ł]arevariantsofthephoneme/l/,andtheyarecalledthe___allophones__ofthephoneme/l/.2.A___synchionic____descriptiontakesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.Mostofgrammarsareofthiskind.3.__Suprasegmentals__featuresrefertothoseaspectsofspeechthatinvolvemorethansinglesoundsegmentssuchassyllable,stress,toneandintonation.4.Alinguisticstudyis__descriptive___ifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved;itis___prescriptive____ifittriestolaydownrulesforcorrectuseoflanguage.5.___Inflectional__morphemesareattachedtowords,buttheyneverchangetheirsyntacticcategory.6.___Consonants__areproducedbecauseofanobstructionoftheairstreamatsomeplaceintheoralcavity.Theproducedsoundsarecalled__vowels___whenthereis