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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（二）六Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisannaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationadngivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetweenfightorflightandinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause_____.a.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselvesb.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealthc.theyaretravellingfastallthetimed.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork2.Accordingtothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis________.a.notfearingstressb.knowingtheartofrelaxationc.highsenseofresponsibilityd.havingcontroloverperformance3.Whichofthefollwingstatementsisture?a.Wecanfindsomewaystoavoidstressb.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeoplec.Itiseasytochangethehagitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.d.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress4.InParagraph3,suchareactionrefersbackto_______.a.makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'b.reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysicallyc.respondingtocrisesquicklyd.losingheartatthesignsdifficulties5.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,dosorefersto______.a.exposeourselvestostressb.findwaystodealwithstressc.removestressfromourlivesd.establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress七Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.epual.SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalledcommunes,wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyofdoyourownthing.AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalledDropCity.FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey'sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyofdoyouownthing,however.TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner'sconditioningtechniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledanarchologySoleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecidetodropoutofscoietyduringthe1960s?a.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.b.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.c.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.d.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?a.Indome-shapedhouseb.Inoldschoolhusesc.OnafarminTennesseed.InanarchologyinArizona3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuliddome-shapedhouse?a.PaoloSolerib.B.G.Skinnerc.SteveGaskind.BuckminsterFuller4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebaseon?a.Thephilosophyofdoyourownthingb.Virginaiainthelate1960sc.Theideasofpsychologistd.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogerher.5.Whatisanarchology?a.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeologyb.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogetherc.AcityinArizonad.Atechniquetocontorlpeople八Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenti