词法—名词

名词提纲名词的概念与分类可数名词与不可数名词名词的格名词的概念与分类普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词familiyclasspolicestaffpublicgroupcommitteecattlearmychildrenclothesfatherstudenteditorpigeontreeflowerworknovelfilmtragedyclothpaperglassstonebeefsugarsaucebeerwatergoldfoghonestyimaginationhatredinformationthirstytirednesscelebrationactionchildhoodsuccess人名Anna地名London国名Australia机构WTO组织theRedArmy国人Chinese月份January星期Sunday节日SpringFestival书名HarryPotter称呼Mum▐集体名词army部队cattle牛class班级committee委员会crew船员community社区company公司familiy家government政府group小组public公众staff全体员工police警察team组，队Myfamilyisnotlarge.Thewholefamilyaremusiclovers.▐复合名词1+1=1birthday生日daylight白昼bookshelf书架weatherman气象员名+名snowfall降雪量papermaking造纸horse-riding骑马haircut理发名+动passer-by过路人looker-in收看电视的人banger-on奉taker-off取出东西的人名+副swimmingpool游泳池turntable转盘chewinggum口香糖measuringtape卷尺动+名look-over检查come-off结局go-around回合make-up捏造动+副greenhousefastballgoodwillhighwaybystanderonlookerincomerincomeoutletupholder温室棒球善意公路旁观者旁观者进来者收入出口支撑物支持者可数名词▐规则变化一般加“s”book--booksovercoat--overcoatspea--peashouse--housesroom--roomsdog--dogs以s、x、ch、sh结尾加“es”watch--watchesbus--busesbox--boxesclass--classes以th结尾加“s”mouth--mouthspath--pathsmonth--months以f、fe结尾改为“v”加“es”life--livesleaf--leaveswife--wiveshalf--halvesknife--knivesthief--thieveswolf--wolvesself--selvesloaf--loavesshelf--shelves特殊:chief--chiefsroof--roofsbelief--beliefsgulf--gulfs领袖站在屋顶宣告信仰‘我要征服这个海湾’以o结尾加“s”zoo--zoosstudio--stusiosphoto--photospiano--pianosradio--radiosmemo--memos特殊:negro--negroeshero-heroesvolcano--volcanoespotato--potatoestomato--tomatoesecho--echoes黑人英雄吃了火山的土豆和西红柿产生了反射The______(roof)ofthesecottageswerecoveredwith______(leaf).A.roofs；leafsB.roofs；leavesC.rooves；leafsD.rooves；leaves真题链接以y结尾变y为i加“es”baby--babiesfactory--factoriesstudy--studiescity--citiesfamily--familiescuntry--cunttiesuniversity--universities特殊:boy--boysday--daysmonkey--monkeystoy--toys男孩天天玩猴子玩偶表示“某国人”的名词的单复数形式（1）直接加-s。Russians（俄国人），Germans（德国人），Americans（美国人）。（2）以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men或-women。如：Englishmen(英国人),Frenchwomen(法国女人)。（3）以-ese结尾的词和Swiss(瑞士人)单复数同形.如:Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人),Portuguese(葡萄牙人)。中日不变，英法变，其余-s添后面BothMarxandEngelsare_______(German).[2010辽宁卷]Liketherestofmyclassmate,Ididn’treallywanttogetclosesttoher.改错练习前面的“therestof”（剩下的）+classmates[2009辽宁卷]WhenIwasinhighschool,mostofmyfriendhadbicycles.mostof(大多数的)my+friends[2014辽宁卷]We’vecalledseveraltimeaboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.表示次数，是可数名词，用times[2013辽宁卷]Isawhimlyinginbed,lookingatsomeofthepicturewehadtakentogether.picture图片，可数名词，前后someof（一些）+pictures[2008海南卷]Morethan1000paintingwillbeonshow.painting表绘画作品，可数名词，前有量词1000+paintings[2005全国卷]Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.前面谓语动词are可知，是可数名词复数+advantages[2006全国卷]Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.havenoidea固定搭配[2011辽宁卷]InearlyJanuarythisyear,therateofUFOreportsweresteady,aroundthreeperweeks.前面per表示“每一”+单数week[2007全国卷]Ilookedathisotherhands共有2只，other表另外1只，用单数hand[2010宁夏卷]Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.oneof+可数名词复数表其中之一，用friends[2014新课标l]Sincethen---foralltheseyear---wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.year可数名词，前面these表复数，用years▐不规则变化单复数同形的名词ChineseJapaneseSwisscraftspacecraftcrossroadsheadquarterspeoplepolicepubliccounselseriesspeciesmeanscrabdeerreindeersheepfishfruit只有复数形式或多以复数形式出现的名词clothesstockingssocksjeanstightsshortstrouserspantsglassesspectacleschopstickscompassesscalesscissorspincers衣对savingswagesearningsgoodsbelongingsleavingsremainsspiritsthankscongraduationsstairscontentspainsarmsfireworksashes多死记硬背类单复数变化child--childrenmouse--micewoman--womenfoot--feetox--oxentooth--teethgoose--geeseman--menanalysis--analysescrisis--crisesbasis--basesthesis--thesesmedium--mediaphenomenon--phenomena不可数名词▐常见的不可数名词advice建议air空气baggage行李chalk粉笔gas汽油change零用钱cloth布coffee咖啡cotton棉花light光equipment设备fire火hair头发food食品fruit水果fun乐趣furniture家具glass玻璃grain谷物grass草bread面包knowledge知识luggage行李meat肉money钱music音乐news新闻paper纸waste废物water水wealth财富weather天气wheat小麦wind风work工作wood木头progress进步tea茶rain雨rice大米sand沙子smoke烟snow雪sugar糖traffic交通[2009海南卷]Iplantomakefriendwiththemsotheywecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.makefriendswithsb固定搭配，俩人之上的，用复数。[2011海南卷]Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.luggage行李，不可数名词，无复数形式[2010全国卷]andgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.advice不可数名词，无复数形式▐不可数名词的可数化使用量词apieceof+advice/bread/chalk/furniture/information/news/paperabottleof+ink/milk/wineabarof/acakeof/aloafof/apairof▐单复数意义不同force力量------------forces军队glass玻璃------------glasses眼镜good好处------------goods货物hair头发-------------hairs几根头发letter字母-----------letters文字look看---------------looks外表sand沙子------------sands沙漠paper纸张-----------papers报纸time时间-------------times时代work工作------------works作品manner方式习惯--------manners礼貌custom习惯习俗---------customs海关名词的所有格▐’s所有格构成举例一般情况+'sMary'sbooksTom'sshoes以s或es结尾的复数词尾，+'buses'passangersdogs'food不以s结尾的复数，+'sChildren'sDay复合名词，词尾+'sweatherman'sreportand连接的并列名词表共有，最后+'s表各自拥有，每个后+'sJohnandTom'sroomJohn'sandTom'sroomsThevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It`s__________walk.A.afourhourB.afourhour’sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours’▐of所有