初中英语语法—数词

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初中英语语法稻田一中李培军数词数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分基数词和序数词两种。一、基数词:表示数目的词称为基数词。1.基数词的形式:A.从1——10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.B.从11——19:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.注意:这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C.从21——99:整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。例如:21twenty-one76seventy-six注意:forty的拼写。D.百位数:基数词101~999,先说“几百”,再加“and”,再加末两位数。101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight注意:在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。E.千位数以上:1000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“,”分开,分别读为thousand,million,billion。例如:5,237,166,234读作:2,64816,250,064billionmillionthousandhundredandfivebillion,twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion,onehundredandsixty-sixthousand,twohundredandthirty-fourtwothousand,sixhundredandforty-eightsixteenmillion,twohundredandfiftythousand,sixty-four2.基数词用法:⑴、表示具体数目,hundred,thousand,million不用复数。表示不确定数目,用复数。即hundredsof(数百),thousandsof(数千),millionsof(数百万)+名词复数,可以用many/several修饰,但不能与具体数目连用。1)Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.2)Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.3)Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.4)Several/Manythousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.注意:severalthousandsoftrees=severalthousandtrees即学即用:Many____treesmustbeplantedeveryyear.A.thousandsofB.millionofC.hundredofD.hundredsfourthousandofthestudents(学生中的四千人)fourthousandstudents(四千学生)注意⑵、“几十”的复数形式可以表示:几十多岁----“in+one’s+整十的数词复数”年代----“in+the+整十的数词复数”Myparentsareintheirforties.Itwasinthe1960s/inthe1960’sInthenineties,mostpeoplegotoworkbybike.⑶、基数词表示编码:Room207207房Class2,Grade9九年级二班PageFive=thefifthpage第五页LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3号汽车No.1MiddleSchool第一中学注意:用此种方法表示时,首字母需大写,不加冠词。twenties,thirties,forties,fifties,sixties,seventies,eighties,nineties即学即用:1.Inhis________(fifty),hestartedtolearnEnglish.2.Thecitychangedalot___.A.in1980sB.inthe1980sC.inthe19803.Hegraduatedin__of__century.A.thesixtieth;twentyB.sixty;thetwentiethC.thesixties;thetwentieth4.Hegottheprize__.A.inhisfiftiesB.infiftiesC.inhisfifty5.Thewinneris___.Heisan___boy.A.eight-year-old;eightyearsoldB.eightyearsold;eight-year-oldC.eight-yearsold;eight-year-old6.HecametoChina____.A.attheageof20B.whenheis20C.atageof20BfiftiesCABA即学即用:1)Howfarisyouruncle’shomefromhere?It’sabouttwo___drive.A.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour2)Don’ttalktoSimonlikethat.Heisonlyan____boy.A.elevenyearoldB.elevenyearsoldC.elevenyearoldD.elevenyearsoldCA⑷、“基数词+名词”的合成形容词作定语。Kateisaneighteenyearoldgirl.凯特是个18岁的女孩。eighteen的读音以元音开头,故其前要用不定冠词an。注意:这种合成形容词的结构为:“数词+单数名词+形容词”。复合形容词中,词与词之间要加连字符“”。aseven-dayholiday=asevendays’holidayhaveatwo-weekholiday=haveatwoweeks’holiday有两周的休假askforathree-dayleave=askforathreedays’leave请三天假⑹、表示时刻(注意:表示在几点钟用介词at)1)顺读法----先时后分,“几点几分”9:30ninethirty6:21sixtwenty-one3)15分钟:aquarter30分钟:ahalf9:15aquarterpastnine12:30halfpasttwelve2)逆读法----先分后时表示“几点过几分”,半小时以内,介词用past,分钟数+past+钟点数。10:10tenpastten8:20twentypasteight表示“几点差几分”,半小时以上,介词用to,60减原分钟+to+(下一个)钟点数。9:50tentoten7:40twentytoeight⑸、表计量:“基数词+度量单位+形容词”Theclassroomis7meterslong,6meterswideand3metershigh.—It’salready7:40now.Whenwillthefilmstart?—___.Westillhavefiveminutes.A.AquartertosevenB.Sevenpastforty-fiveC.Aquartertoeight5:156:45aquarter分钟逢15即一刻钟4:40(60-分钟)+to+(小时+1)﹥30分钟7:50按顺序读基数词简化法3:30half+past+小时=30分钟2:10分钟+past+小时﹤30分钟1:00基数词(+o’clock)整点读法例表示法时间类型oneo’clocktenpasttwohalfpastthreetwentytofiveaquarterpastfiveaquartertosevensevenfifty我看我行:①.月、日、年:在2008年10月1日⑺、年、月、日的表示法:onOctorberthefirst,twothousandandeight日the+序数词月(首字母大写)月日与年之间用,分开年(两位两位读)onAugusttheninthinMay,twothousandandten注意:有日用on无日用inonOct.1st,2008②.月、日:在8月9日③.月、年:在2010年5月写法:读法:读法:1.Theaccidenthappenedon___.A.April5,2001B.2001,April5C.April2001,52.Iwasborn___.A.inMarch8,1993B.onJuly9,1994C.onMay,1995即学即用:一个半小时两个半小时twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalfoneandahalfhours=onehourandahalf⑻、“半”的表示法:1.Theboyalwaysstaystherefor__.A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandahalfhourC.oneandahalfhours2.Theoldmandrank__beer.A.twobottlesandahalfB.twoandahalfbottleC.twobottleandahalf“一两天”“的表示法:onedayortwooneortwodays注意:“三年半”threeyearsandahalfthreeandahalfyears再例如:“一倍”once“两倍”twice,“三倍”threetimes(三倍或以上基数词+times)⑼、倍数的表示法:Thisboxisfivetimesasbigasthatone.=Thisboxisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.①A+be+倍数+as+adj.原形+as+B.A是B的…倍…②A+be+倍数+adj.比+than+B.A比B……倍即学即用:1.Thisbuildingis__thatbuilding.A.threetimeastallasB.twicetallerthanC.threetimesastalleras2.我的箱子比你的重六倍!Myboxis_________________________yours.sixtimesheavierthanseventimesasheavyas⑽、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字,“0”读作“o”或“zero”。数字连续重现时可用“double(双)”。62884405读作sixtwoeighteightfourfouro(或zero)five或sixtwodoubleeightdoublefouro(或zero)five。⑾、another,more修饰数词的用法:①.another表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,用“another+具体数字+名词”结构。例如:Thestrikemaylastanotherthreedays.罢工可能还要持续三天。—Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?—No,Iwillfinishitin10minutes.A.anotherB.OtherC.moreD.less②.more表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,用“具体数字+more+名词”结构。二、序数词表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾th构成;多个单词时,仅最后一个变为序数词。序数词前一般需加“the”。1.“基数词”变“序数词”的口诀:基变序,有规律,一、二、三特殊记,first,second,third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