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国际经济学模拟习题（3）一、TrueorFalse（10*1’=10’）1.Tradeisazero-sumactivity;ifonecountrygains,theothermustlose.2.Anationmaximizessatisfactionbyreachingthehighestpossibleindifferencecurve,andintheabsenceoftradewillproducewhereitsproductionpossibilitiesscheduleistangenttoanindifferencecurve.3.Thefactorendowmentsmodelpredictsthatinternationaltradewilltendtoequalizethepricesoftrade-ablegoodsamongnations,buttoincreasethewagegapbetweencapital-abundantandlabor-abundantnations.4.Ataxof10percentonimportsofshoeswouldbeanexampleofaspecifictariff.5.Animportquotawillnotraisethedomesticpriceoftheproductaswouldatariff,becauseitisnotataxonimports.6.Inbalance-of-paymentsaccount,atransactionresultinginreceiptofapaymentisrecordedasacredit,whereasatransactionresultinginapaymenttoothernationsisrecordedasadebit.7.Becausetheydonotincludeanexchangeofgoodsorservices,unilateraltransfersdonotappearonanation'sbalanceofpaymentsaccount.8.DavidHumewasoneofthefirsteconomiststoprovideanalyticalsupportformercantilisttradepolicies.9.Anationwouldbemostlikelytofinditstradebalanceimprovingafteracurrencydepreciationifthatnation’sdemandforimportsandforeigndemandforitsexportswasveryinelastic.10.Anationwithneitherabalanceofpaymentssurplusnorabalanceofpaymentsdeficitissaidtobeininternalbalance.二、choices（15*3’=45’）1.Thelawofcomparativeadvantagea).wasratifiedbytheWorldTradeOrganizationb).explainshowallcountriescanbenefitwheneachspecializesinproducingitemsinwhichithasthegreatestrelativeefficiencyc).explainshowonlythemostefficientnationscanbenefitfromtraded).isusedtoevaluateacountry’smilitarystrength2.Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantagewasdevelopedbya.theMercantilistsb.DavidHumec.AdamSmithd.DavidRicardo3.DavidRicardodevelopedtheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageshowingthata.anationmustbetheleast-costproducerofagoodinordertoexportthatitemb.nonationcouldhaveanabsoluteadvantageinallgoodsc.inatwo-countryexample,onlyonenationcanhaveacomparativeadvantaged.evenanationthathaslowerproductivityinallgoodscanbenefitbyexportingtheiteminwhichitisrelativelylessinefficient4.Anindifferencecurvea.showsthatmostpeoplereallyareindifferentaboutinternationaltradeb.showsthedemandpreferencesofconsumersc.reflectstherelativecostsofproductionwithinanationd.indicateshowmuchlaboracountryhas5.Tomaximizeitssatisfaction,anationwillensurethatitsterms-of-tradelinea.istangenttoitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontieratonepoint(productionpoint)andalsotothehighestattainableindifferencecurveatanotherpoint(consumptionpoint)b.istangenttoitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierandintersectsanindifferencecurvec.intersectsitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierandistangenttoanindifferencecurved.intersectsitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontieratonepointandanindifferencecurveatanotherpoint6.Factor-priceequalizationpredictsthatwithinternationaltradea.thepriceofanation’sabundantfactorwillriseandthatofitsscarcefactorwillfallb.thepriceofanation’sabundantfactorwillfallandthatofitsscarcefactorwillrisec.thepricesofanation’sabundantandscarcefactorsbothwillrised.thepricesofanation’sabundantandscarcefactorsbothwillfall7.Theeffectiverateofprotectiona.distinguishesbetweentariffsthatareeffectiveandthosethatareineffectiveb.istheminimumlevelatwhichatariffbecomeseffectiveinlimitingimportsc.showstheincreaseinvalue-addedfordomesticproductionthataparticulartariffstructuremakespossible,inpercentagetermsd.showshoweffectiveatariffisinraisingrevenue8.Theinstitutionalframeworkdevelopedin1947topromotetradeliberalizationisknownasa.theGATTb.theWTOc.theIMFd.TheWorldBank9.Developingnationsa.haveverylimitedinvolvementininternationaltradeb.trademostlywitheachotherc.relyheavilyonexportsofprimaryproductstoindustrialnationsd.relyheavilyonexportsofmanufacturedproducts10.Acustomsunionisuniqueinthatita.hasnotariffsontradeamongmembernationsb.hasnotariffsontradeamongmembernationsandacommonsetoftariffsonimportsfromnon-membersc.hasnotariffsontradeamongmembernations,acommonsetoftariffsonimportsfromnon-members,andfreemobilityoffactorsofproductionsuchaslaborandcapitalamongmembersd.allowsunrestrictedlaborimmigrationfromnon-membernations11.Anation'sbalanceofpaymentsstatementa.isarecordofthatnation'sassetsabroadanditsliabilitiestothosefromothernationsb.isanaccountingadjustmentprocessensuringthatanation'sexportswillbeequaltoitsimportsc.doesnotincludetransactionsofforeigncitizensorcompanieslivingoroperatingwithinthatnationd.isarecordoftheeconomictransactionsbetweenresidentsofthatnationandtherestoftheworld,usuallyforaperiodofoneyear.12.Sincebalance-of-paymentsaccountingisadouble-entryaccountingsystem,anexportofU.S.wheattoMexicopaidforbyadeposittotheU.S.exportersaccountinaMexicanbankwouldberecordedontheU.S.balanceofpaymentsasa.acreditformerchandiseexportsandacredittoshort-termfinancialflowsb.acreditformerchandiseexportsandadebittoshort-termfinancialflows.c.acreditformerchandiseexportsandadebittounilateraltransfersd.acreditformerchandiseexportsandadebittoofficialsettlements13.Theforeign-exchangemarketa.islocatedinNewYorkb.isamarketinChicagofortheinternationaltradingofcommoditiessuchaswheatorc