语法-专升本

GRAMMAR虚拟语气时态省略非谓语动词定语从句倒装情态动词独立主格结构Tipsif虚拟条件句were,had,should等置于主语之前,省掉if,倒装错综虚拟条件句含蓄条件句：otherwise,butfor,without,given名词性从句的虚拟:(should)do定语从句和状语从句的虚拟练习条件从句主句与现在事实相反IfI+动词过去式(be的过去式用were)Ishould/would/could+动词原形例句如果我是你，我会申请那份工作的。IamsorryIamverybusynow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlycometoseeyou.Ifitweren’tfortheirsupport,wewouldbeinadifficultsituation.与过去事实相反IfI+had+过去分词Ishould/would/could+have+过去分词例句如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworksoeasily.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.条件从句主句与将来事实相反IfI+动词过去式(be的过去式用were);IfI+weretodo;IfI+shoulddoIshould/would/could+动词原形例句如果明天下雨，我会呆在家里。Ifheweretocometomorrow,Iwouldspeaktohimaboutit.Ifsomethingshouldgowrong,thecontrolrodswoulddrop.Ifitrained(weretorain/shouldrain)tomorrow,Ishouldstayathome.were,had,should等置于主语之前,省掉if,倒装Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?Wereyouinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.Iftheyhadtime,theywouldcometoseeyou.Hadtheytime,theywouldcometoseeyou.Ifsomeworkhadbeendone,energywouldhavebeenapplied.Hadsomeworkbeendone,energywouldhavebeenapplied.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbepostponed.Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbepostponed.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworksoeasily.Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworksoeasily.条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致，即错综虚拟条件句Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,weshouldhaveaskedyoutocome.如果你身体好一些，我们早就请你来了。Ifwehadconsultedhimonthequestionyesterday,weshouldknowwhattodonow.假如昨天我们向他请教了这个问题，现在就知道该怎么办了。如果你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.含蓄条件句：非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中种类例句条件暗含在短语中Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.Withoutyourhelp,wewouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.Giventheopportunity,hemighthavebecomeafamoussinger.条件暗含在上下文中Iwouldnothavedoneitthatway.(IfIwereyou)IwouldhaveboughttheDVDplayer.(IfIhadmoney)名词性从句虚拟形式例句主语从句Itis(was)important/necessary/anxious/eager/essential/impossible/strange/…thatItis(was)suggested/demanded/decided/proposed/required…thatIt’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.Itisessentialthatweshouldtellherthenews.Itisproposedthatmoreselectivecoursesbeofferednextyear.表语从句主语常常是suggestion,proposal,idea,order,plan,possibility等Hissuggestionwas(that)everyoneshouldhaveamap.Myideais(that)theelectronicdeviceshouldbetestedatonce.同位语从句that不可省，先行词常常是suggestion,proposal,idea,order,plan,possibility注意区分同位语从句和定语从句Theymadetherequestthattheproblemshouldbediscussedassoonaspossible.Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedatonce.名词性从句虚拟形式例句宾语从句常见动词：demand,propose,require,suggest,arrange,recommendHesuggestedthatwe(should)discussthequestionatthenextmeeting.Theboardrecommendedthatthecompany(should)investinthenewproperty.用作wish的宾语，常省去that,表示愿望；从句中用过去式表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反IwishIknewhisaddress.我希望像你一样健壮。Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.Shewishedthatshehadstayedathome.用wouldrather,wouldsooner表示愿望Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.IwishIwereasstrongasyou.虚拟形式例句定语从句Itis(high/about)time(that)+动词过去式或shoulddo…Itistimewestarted.Itistimeweshouldleave.注意区分:Itisthefirsttimethatsb.hasdonesth.Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.状语从句asif与当时事实相反:过去式与已发生的事实相反:过去完成式Youspeakasifyouhadreallybeenthere.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Lest,forfearthat,incase以免should+动词原形Batteriesshouldbekeptindryplaceslestelectricityshouldleakaway.I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.inorderthat,sothatmay/might+动词原形Inorderthatpeoplemightunderstandhisnewinvention,hemadeapracticaldemonstrationofit.Exercises1.Itisvitalthathe______immediately.A.shouldgoB.mustgoC.goesD.went2.Shewishesshe_____thathumiliatingthing.A.doesn’tdoD.didn’tdoC.haven’tdoneD.hadn’tdone3.Thechairmansuggestedthatthemeeting______putoff.A.canbeB.beC.isD.willbe4.Itistimewe_____doourhomework.A.begintoB.canbegintoC.begantoD.willbeginto时态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时workworksam/is/areworkinghas/haveworkedhas/havebeenworkingworkedWas/wereworkingHadworkedHadbeenworkingShall/willworkShall/willbeworkingShall/willhaveworkedShall/willhavebeenworkingShould/wouldworkShould/wouldbeworkingShould/wouldhaveworkedShould/wouldhavebeenworking练习Exercises1.Ifthephoneringsagain,I____it.A.ignoreB.willignoreC.willhaveignoredD.wouldhaveignored2.Shesaidshe____herhomeworkwhentheteachercame.A.finishesB.hadfinishedC.hasfinishedD.hadbeenfinished3.Myuncle____inShanghaiforthepasttwoyears.A.islivingB.livesC.haslivedD.lived4.Whenshegraduatesfromtheuniversitythissummer,Mary___hereforfouryears.A.willbestudyingB.willhavestudiedC.willstudyD.studies5.I______(begin)tolearnEnglishtenyearsago,butIstillcan’tspeakitwellnow.6.Longago,peopledidn’tknowtheearth_______(move)aroundthesun.7.NosoonerhadMrs.Greenfinishedexplainingthepoemthanthestudents’questions_________(begin)topourin.8.Thistimetomorrowhe_____________