射孔压实带研究

,,,,13,()(133Pa,9399),(133Pa),3%NaClBIOSPEC47/40,111cm,10cm,,;,,1.201.30cm,,13.06%21.79%,,21.90%28.02%(1)1(g)(cm)(%)(%)97214A13.71.2021.7978.1097215B24.71.2518.0077.8297205C32.01.3013.0671.983,ABC,,,,2,()(),97214972159720510;TXTY,9721597205,9721425mm(1),,,,;,0.04mm[1],,,:;:1(2),,,,211200010PETROLEUMEXPLORATIONANDDEVELOPMENTVol.27No.5,:;:2,,()(2),,,,,3,33,,972149721597205,(Si),(SiAl),KTiFe,,(X)()(),,410,0.130.18mm(71%),0.050.13mm,,,,(4),,[2]4,31.0MPa,10.3MPa,6.9MPa,,27.6GPa210310103m/s[3],,,(17.24GPa,,,[2]),()(2000m/s[2]),,,,,,,,(,-3.4MPa),(),,,,311200010:,,0.07mm,,,30%,,,,[3](MercuryPorosimetry),1,,,,(0.050.13mm),,;,2,1.201.30mm,13.06%21.79%,71.98%78.10%3,3,,,,4,,5,,,1HsiaTYandBehrmsnnLA.Perforationskinasafunctionofrockpermeabilityandunderbalance.SPE22810,1991.2AsadiMandPrestonFW.Characterizationofthecrushedzoneformedduringjetperforationbyqualitativescanningelectronmicroscopyandquantitativeimageanalysis.SPE22812,1991.3PucknellJKandBerhmannLA.Aninvestigationofthedamagedzonecreatedbyperforating.1991.,,31,,:,,163853;:[phone];E2mail:[e-mail]2000205211()(111)1CrockerMEandMarchinLM.Wettabilityandadsorptioncharacteristicsofcrude2oilasphalteneandpolarfractions.J.Pet.Tech.,1988,40(4):470474.2DubeySTandWaxmanMH.Asphalteneadsorptionanddesorptionfrommineralsurfaces.SPE19642,1989.5162.3KimS,etal..Theroleofasphalteneinwettabilityreversal.SPE20700,1990.799809.4PatelPD,etal..Aninvestigationofunexpectedlowfield2observedfluidmobilitiesduringsomeCO2tertiaryfloods.SPERes.Eng.,1987,11(6):507513.5RassamdanaH,etal..Asphaltflocculationanddeposition:I.Theonsetofprecipitation.AIChEJ.,1996,42(1):1022.6RassamdanaHandSahimiM.Asphaltflocculationanddeposition:II.Formationandgrowthoffractalaggregates.AIChEJ.,1996,42(12):33183332.7DabirB,etal..Asphaltflocculationanddeposition:III.Themolecularweightdistribution.Fuel,1996,75(14):16331645.8Mozaffarian,etal..Asphaltflocculationanddeposition:IV.Dynamicevolutionoftheheavyorganiccompounds.Fuel,1997,76(15):14791490.9..,1999,20(3):9195.10HirschbergA,etal..Influenceoftemperatureandpressureonasphalteneflocculation.SPEJ.,1984,24:283293.11BurkeNE,etal..Measurementandmodelingofasphalteneprecipitation.SPE18273,1990.113126.12VictorovAIandFiroozabadiA.Thermodynamicmicellizationmodelofasphalteneprecipitationfrompetroleumfluids.AIChEJ.,1996,42:17531764.13PanHandFiroozabadiA.Thermodynamicmicellizationmodelforasphalteneaggregationandprecipitationinpetroleumfluid.AIChE1997SpringNationalMeeting,Houston,TX,1997.14NellesteynFI.Thescienceofpetroleum.OxfordUniv.Press,London,1938,Vol.4:2760.15EspinatDandRaveyJC.Colloidalstructureofasphaltenesolutionsandheavy2oilfractionsstudiedbysmall2angleneutronandX2rayscattering.SPE25187,1993.365374.16StormDAandSheuEY.Characterizationofcolloidalasphaltenicparticlesinheavyoils.Fuel,1995,74(6):1140.17BuckleyJS,etal..AsphaltenesandcrudeoilwettingTheeffectofoilcomposition.SPE35366,1996.205220.18LeontaritisKJandMansooriGA.Asphaltenedeposition:Acomprehensivedescriptionofproblemmanifestationsandmodelingapproaches.SPE18892,1989.229236.19ChangCLandFoglerHS.Stabilizationofasphaltenesinaliphaticsolventsusingalkylbenzene2derivedamphiphiles:I.Effectofthechemicalstructureofamphiphilesonasphaltenestabilization.Lanrmuir,1994,10(6):17491757.20KokalSL,etal..Measurementandcorrelationofasphalteneprecipitationfromheavyoilsbygasinjection.J.Can.Pet.Tech.,1992,31(4):2430.21FuhrBJ,etal..Propertiesofasphaltenesfromawaxycrude.Fuel,1991,70(11):12931297.22WanWKandPhoI.DeterminationofprecipitatedasphalteneparticlesizefromColdLakebitumen.Pet.Soc.CIM&AOSTRA,PaperNo.94286,1994,19.,,30,,1997,:,,102200;E2mail:[e-mail]1999205228()411Vol.27No.5,,;,,2Smith42()TE125.620000531[]/,....22000,27(5).2109111,114IP21432,,,2,1622()TE257.1TE12520000532[]/,.22000,27(5).2112114,,,,,APIRP43(),,,,;,;,,414()P631.8220000533[]/,....22000,27(5).2115118,121,,,,,;,,,,,,90%,,,44()P631.84P5320000534[]/.22000,27(5).2119121]9[Vol.27No.5Depositionalsystemanalysisontheevolutionmodelofancientrivertypeanditscontrollingfactors.WANGSui2ji;etal.(DepartmentofHydraulicandHydropowerEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,P.R.China).ShiyouKantanYuKaifa2000,27(5),1022105.Sixmodelsevolvedwithtimehavebeenidentifiedinancientfluvialdepositionalsystems:(1)braidedmeanderingsystem;(2)meanderingbraidedsystem;(3)braidedanastomosingsystem;(4)anastomosingbraidedsystem;(5)anastomosingmeanderingsystem;and(6)meanderinganastomosingsystem.Characteristicsof6transformationmodelsof3fluvialtypesandtheirgenesisarediscussedaccordingtoactualexamples.Possiblespatialdistributionofeachevolutionalmodelofancientrivertypesareanalyzed.Allmaincontrollingfactorsaffectingtheevolutionofancientfluvialtypesaresummarizedsystematically:(1)riverchannelslope;(2)compositionofriverbankandfloodplainmaterials;(3)vegetationcoverage;(4)amountandcompositionofsanddeposited;(5)rateofchangeofwatercurrent;(6)climatefactors;(7)tectonicfactors;(8)changeofsea2level.Itisrecognizedthatthesefactorsrelateoneanotherusually;however,theeffectsofeachfactorisdifferentatdiffe