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现在完成时的被动语态考点一现在完成时的被动语态的定义和构成现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在完成时的被动语态由“has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。注意各种句式变化。下面以动词teach为例,列表说明现在完成时的被动语态的句式变化:肯定句Ihavebeentaught.He/She/Ithasbeentaught.We/You/Theyhavebeentaught.否定句Ihavenotbeentaught.He/She/Ithasnotbeentaught.We/You/Theyhavenotbeentaught.疑问句一般疑问句:HaveIbeentaught?Hashe/she/itbeentaught?Havewe/you/theybeentaught?肯定回答:Yes,youhave.Yes,he/she/ithas.Yes,you/we/theyhave.否定回答:No,youhaven’t.No,he/she/ithasn’t.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.特殊疑问句:Whohasbeentaught?Wherehaveyoubeentaught?简略回答:Wehave.Intheclassroom.考点二现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。主动:Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.被动:Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.2)带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留在原处。主动:Ihavegivenhimthebook.被动:Hehasbeengiventhebook.被动:Thebookhasbeengiventohim.注意:带有双宾语的动词在由主动语态变为被动语态时,一般把表示“人”的宾语(间接宾语)变为主语。3)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处,改称为主语补足语。原来为省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。主动:Ihaveaskedhimtohelpyou.被动:Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.主动:Ihavemadehimworkhard.被动:Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard.4)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保持其完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词切不可遗漏。主动:Hehasreferredtothebook.被动:Thebookhasbeenreferredto(byhim).主动:Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.被动:Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof.5)由主动语态变为被动语态时要注意主谓一致。主动:Hehaswrittenthreenovels.被动:Threenovelshavebeenwritten(byhim).考点三现在完成时的被动语态的高考考点序号考点内容注意事项考点1考查现在完成时的被动语态的构成要分清句子该用现在完成时的主动语态还是被动语态,如果用被动语态,其构成为:have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词。考点2考查现在完成进行时的被动语态被动语态没有完成进行时态,主动语态的现在完成进行时改为被动语态时用现在完成时,依此类推。如:HehasbeenteachingmesinceIcametotheschool.改为被动语态为:IhavebeentaughtbyhimsinceIcametotheschool.序号考点内容注意事项考点3考查含有疑问词的现在完成时的被动语态含有疑问词的现在完成时的被动语态的构成为:1)疑问词(做主语)+has+been+过去分词+...?如:Whathasbeenboughtbythem?他们已经买了什么东西?2)疑问词(做主语)+have+been+过去分词+...?如:Whohavebeengiventhebooksbytheteacher?谁已经得到老师发的书籍?3)疑问词(做定语)+复数名词+have+been+过去分词+...?如:Howmanystorieshavebeentoldbytheoldwoman?这位老太太已经讲了多少个故事?4)疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词+...?如:Wherehasthemeetingbeenheld?这次会议在哪儿召开的?序号考点内容注意事项考点4考查现在完成时的时间状语把握好现在完成时的时间状语,对于做好这类试题有很大帮助。主要分为以下几类:(1)以现在为参照的时间状语,如:just,already,yet,before,once等。(2)包括现在时间在内的时间状语,如:now,today,thismorning,thismonth,thisyear等。(3)表示一段时间的状语,如:sofar,(ever)since,(for)afewhours,(for)alongtime,(for)long,for/in/over/duringthelastfewyears等,表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。序号考点内容注意事项考点4(4)现在完成时不能与确定的过去时间状语连用,如:in1980,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threeyearsago,lastmonth等。考点5考查现在完成时的被动语态与情态动词连用情态动词与现在完成时连用时主要分为以下几种情况:(1)should/oughttohavebeendone“本该被做,事实上没有做”,表示责备。(2)shouldnothavebeendone/oughtn’ttohavebeendone“本不该被做,而事实上做了”,表示责备。(3)musthavebeendone“一定被做了”,其否定式为:can’thavebeendone/couldn’thavebeendone“不可能被做了”。序号考点内容注意事项考点5(4)couldhavebeendone“本来能够被做”,事实上没有做成。(5)may/mighthavebeendone“可能已经被做了”,表示对过去发生的情况的推测。(6)would/should/could/might(not)havebeendone构成虚拟语气。【随堂练习】1)Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat(cut).2)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.3)Thebattlelastslittlemorethanhalfanhour,inwhichtimearound50,000kilogramsoftomatoes(throw)atanyoneoranythingthatmoves,runs,orfightsback.4)Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughit(empty)ofstars,leavingbehindavacanthazethatmirrorsourfearofthedark.5)EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoneymakingjobsthey(promise)beforeleavingtheirhometowns.6)Morethanonemeans(take)sinceTomlearnedthenewlanguage,buthestilldoesn’tperformwell.7)Thefieldswherecropsusedtobegrown(use)forbuildingsnow.8)Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They(sell)welland(sellout)already.9)Computers(use)inofficesandhomessince1970s.10)—Whatisthepriceofpetrolthesedays?—Oh,it(rise)slightlysincelastmonth.答案：hasbeencuthasbeenreachedhavebeenthrownhasbeenemptiedhavebeenpromisedhasbeentakenarebeingusedSell；havebeensoldouthavebeenusedhasrisen将下列句子改为被动语态11)Theprogrammerhasprogrammedtherobotstoactjustlikehumanbeings.12)Theyhaveputthecomputerintoarobot.13)Wehavefinishedtheworknow.14)Hehasgiventhechildsomeinterestingbooks.15)Havetheyreturnedthebookyet?答案：Therobotshavebeenprogrammedtoactjustlikehumanbeingsbytheprogrammer.Thecomputerhasbeenputintoarobotbythem.Theworkhasbeenfinished(byus)now.Thechildhasbeengivensomeinterestingbooksbyhim./Someinterestingbookshavebeengiventothechildbyhim.Hasthebookbeenreturnedbythemyet?