Unit1Travelwords&reading

Unit1TravelWords&readingPara1TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld’smostfamouswonders.ItislocatedinthenorthofChina.长城是世界最著名的奇迹之一，它位于中国的北部。1.oneof+名词复数…..之一e.g.TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld’smostfamouswonders.2.belocated…位于……;坐落于…e.g.Thevillageislocatedatthefootofthemountain.Para2BuildingoftheGreatWallfirstbeganduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(476-221BC).Thewallswerebuilttoprotectthesestates.长城的修建最初始于战国时期（公元前476-221）。这些城墙的修建是为了保护他们的国家。In221BC,thefirstEmperoroftheQinDynastyunifiedChinaanddecidedtohavethewallslinkedandextended.在公元前221年，秦始皇统一了中国并决定把这些城墙都连接起来加以延长。3.BC“公元前”（beforeChrist）通常写在数字之后。AD“公元”（annoDomini）英国是将AD写在年数之前，美国是将AD写在年数之前之后均可。但没特殊要求一般来说，AD不必写出。e.g.公元前256：in256BC公元1983：AD1983或1983AD4.protect“保护”“防御”常与from或against连用protect…..from/against“保护…..以防…..”e.g.Youneedwarmclothestoprotectyoufromthecold.Thegirliswearingthesunglassestoprotecthereyesfromthesunlight.5.thefirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty秦始皇6.theWarringStatesPeriod=thePeriodoftheWarringStates战国时期7.unifyvt.（1）使联合，统一（2）统一e.g.ThefirstemperorfoughteastwardtounifyChina.（3）使相同，使一致e.g.Theteacherunifiedtheanswerofherpupilwithhers.8.decideto…“决定做……”e.g.Lastweek,agroupofClass3Studentsdecidedtogotothemuseuminthecentreofthetown.9.have（使，让）+宾语+宾补（过去分词done）指别人做的事或别的情况造成的e.g.Ihavemybikerepaired.WhenIwastraininginthegym,Ihadmyleghurt.Para3Itissaidthatabout1millionpeople,onefifthofChina’spopulationatthetime,wereforcedtobuildthewall.据说大约有一百万人，相当于当时中国人口的五分之一，被迫去修建长城。10.Itissaidthat…..“据说…..”It是形式主语，that是真正的主语,这是一个主语从句。e.g.ItissaidthatthebridgewasbuiltintheMingDynasty.类似的结构还有:Itisbelievedthat…..“据信….”Itisreportedthat…..“据报道…..”Itishopedthat…..“人们希望……”11.onefifth…五分之一几分之几表达方式：基数词＋序数词，分子为1时,既可用one，也可用a，分母单数分子大于1时，分母复数。注意：1／2不能说a（one）second,而要说a（one）half12.atthetime…当时e.g.Iwasoutofworkatthetime.13.forcev.主动:forcesbtodosth“强迫某人做某事”被动:beforcedtodosth“被迫做某事”e.g.Theyforcedthelittleboytocleanthecar.Thelittleboywasforcedtocleanthecar.Ittookthemmorethantenyearstobuilditunderterribleconditions.人们在非常恶劣的条件下用了十多年的时间建造了长城。14.Ittakes/tooksbsometime/moneytodo…..“花费某人多长时间(金钱)做某事”it是形式主语,不定式todo是真正主语。e.g.Ittookme3hourstofinishmyhomework.Theyhadtocarryallthestones,bricksandlimeuptothetopofmountainsbyhand.人们必须用手工把所有的石头、墙砖和石灰搬运到山顶。15.upto…直到……e.g.Uptonowhe'sbeenquiet.16.byhand用手工e.g.Theletterwaswrittenbyhand.Thebricksandstoneswhichwereusedtobuildthewallisbelievedtobeenoughtobuildawallfivemetershighandonemeterthickaroundtheearth.据说用来建造长城的砖石足够建一条五米高、一米厚的围墙环绕整个地球。17.beusedtodo“被用来做….”e.g.BricksandstoneswereusedtobuildtheWall.18.bebelievedtodo\tobeingdoing\tohavedonetodo后面表示的是将来时态，代表某人被认为将要做某事。tobedoing表示的是现在时态，代表某人被认为前正在做某事。tohavedone表示的过去时态，代表某人被认为应经做过某事。e.g.LucyisbelievedtogotoLondon.（没去）LucyisbelievedtogoingtoLondon.（在去的路上）LucyisbelievedtohavegonetoLondon.Lucy（已经去了）19.beenoughtodosth“足够做….”e.g.Twohoursisenoughtofinishmyhomework.20.“数字+量词+形容词”=“数字+量词+in+名词”表示某物的尺寸。e.g.Theboxis4feetlong.=Theboxis4feetinlength.Para4TheGreatWallwhichwecanseenowwasrebuiltduringtheMingDynastyinthe16thcentury.我们现在看到的长城建于16世纪的明朝。ItextendsfromShanhaiguanPass,onthecoastofBohaiBay,toJiayuguanPassinGansuProvice.It’smorethan6700kilometerslong.它从渤海湾岸边的山海关，延伸到甘肃省的嘉峪关。它的总长度是6700多公里。21.extendfrom…to从…延伸…到…e.g.HervisitwillextendfromMondaytoThursday.Blessingsontheotherhandextendlovefromonetoanother.在另一方面，祝福他人，让爱从你扩展到别人。22.morethan多于，超过e.g.Maryismorethanateather,sheisawriter,too.TheGreatWallisoneofthegreatcreationsoftheancientChinesepeople.长城是古代中国人民的伟大创举之一。Para5TheGreatWallisoneofthegreatcreationsoftheancientChinesepeople.长城是古代中国人民的伟大创举之一。ThousandsoftravelersfromallpartsoftheworldcometovisittheGreatWalleveryyear.In1987itwaslistedbytheUNESCOasaWorldHeritageSite.每年都有成千上万来自世界各地的游客来参观长城。1987年，长城被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。23.thousandsof“成千上万的”另外还有:hundredsof“成百上千的”millionsof“数以百万的”hundredsofthousandsof“数十万的”tensofthousandsof“数以万计的”24.belisted“被列为…..”,“被登录在…..”e.g.Mynameisnotlistedinthetelephonedirectory.25.as“作为”prep.e.g.He’sgotajobasaneditor.Pleasetreathimasafriend.(Mr.HensonandMaLinowarriveatBadaling)MaLi:Hereweare!Look,onthetopofthemountainistheGreatWall.海森先生和玛丽现在到达了八达岭。玛丽：我们到了！看！长城就在山顶上。Para6(Mr.HensonandMaLinowarriveatBadaling)MaLi:Hereweare!Look,onthetopofthemountainistheGreatWall.海森先生和玛丽现在到达了八达岭。玛丽：我们到了！看！长城就在山顶上。26.arriveat\in…arrivein+大地点arriveat+小地点e.g.IhavejustarrivedinLondon\China\school.Ihavejustarrivedatbar\home.Mr.Henson:Ah!Howmarvelousandmagnificentitis!Let’sstartclimbing.Comeon!海森先生：啊！多么壮观，多么不可思议呀！让我们开始攀登吧。快点！27.startdoing…与starttodosth.的区别(1)startdoing...谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，用doing。e.g.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufriststartedplayingthepione?(2)starttodosth.①start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todo。e.g.Iwasstartingtogetangry.②start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todo。e.g.Istarttounderstandthetruth.③事物做主语时e.g.Thesnowstarttomelt.MaLi:Nowweareonabeacontower.Inancienttimes,whentheenemycame,soldierswouldmakefiresorsmoketosendalarmsignalsfromhere.Firewasusedatnightandsmokeduringtheday。玛丽：我们现在在烽火台上。古时候，当敌人来的时候，士兵们会点火、放烟从这里发出信号。晚上用火，白天用烟。Mr.Henson:Great!AmIreallystandingontheGreatWall?I’msoexcitedtoday!海森先生：太伟大了。我真的站在长城了吗？今天我真激动。amount和numberamount后接不可数名词;number后接可数名词复数thea