解析《一间自己的房间》中的女权主义

i解析《一间自己的房间》中的女权主义内容摘要：伍尔夫是蜚身世界文坛的英国女作家，同时也是西方女权主义的先驱者，一位超越时代的女性主义思想家。一间自己的房间是以作者两次在剑桥大学作的以‘妇女与小说’为题的演讲为基础整理而成的，是他主张女权运动的一本名著同时也是最早在文学领域展开了对父权文化的清算的作品，被誉为西方女权主义运动的宣言，文中她对父权制文化对女性的压抑进行了严厉的批判，肯定了被父权社会拒绝的女性文学传统的存在，为女性写作找到了一个历史支撑点。本文旨在通过伍尔夫作品的分析，以妇女与小说这两大主题为线索，解析伍尔夫对女权主义的思想在文中的展现。关键词：女权主义双性同体女性文学iiTheFeminisminARoomofOne’sOwnB.Acandidate:JiangJiaqinSupervisor:FengLiAbstract:WoolfisoneoftheauthoressesinGreatBritainwhowasfamousintheworldliteraryworld,atthesametimesheisalsoaprecursorofthefeministinwest,afeministthinkerwhowasinadvanceoftheageinwhichshelived.ThebookARoomofOne’sOwnwasbasedonaseriesoflecturesWoolfhaddeliveredinCambridgeUniversitywhichwereonthetopicofwomenandfiction.It’safamousmasterpieceinwhichsheprotestfeminismaswellasthefirstbookwhichbringthepaternityculturetoaccountinthefiledofliterature.Thebookwasalsobeingpraisedasthedeclarationofwesternfeministmovement.Inthebook,shecriticizedtheoppressionthepaternalismhadgiventowomen,confirmedtheexistenceofwomenliteraturetradition,anddiscoveredahistorysupportpointforwomen’swriting.TheessayisdesignedforabetterunderstandingofWoolf’sfeminismbyanalyzesthebookARoomofOne’sOwnthroughtwomainclues:thewomenandthefiction.Keywords:feminism,Androgyny,femaleliteratureiiiContentsIntroduction……………………………………………….………………..1ChapteroneThesocietypositionofwomen……………………………..2ChaptertwoThebiasagainstwomen’swriting……………………….…3ChapterthreeThebestwayforwriting-Androgyny…………………….5Conclusion…………………………………………………………………7Notes……………………………………………………………………….9Bibliography………………………………………………….......................9Acknowledgements………………………………………….........................101IntroductionVirginiaWoolf,(1882~1941),afamousEnglishnovelist,essayist,feminist,andwriterofshortstories,hadmadegreataccomplishmentsinbothfictionwritingandliterarycriticism.Atthesametime,shewasoneofthethreemostfamouswriterswhowriteinstreamofconsciousness,forerunneroffeminismmovement.Bothofherparentshadstrongfamilyassociationwithliterature.Herfatherwasafamouseditor,critic,andbiographer,sothatWoolfwasraisedinanenvironmentfilledwiththeinfluencesofVictorianliterarysociety.HermostfamousworksincludethenovelsMrs.Dalloway,TotheLighthouseandOrlando,andthebook-lengthessayARoomofOne'sOwn,withitsfamousdictum,Awomanmusthavemoneyandaroomofherownifsheisgoingtowritefiction.ARoomofOne'sOwn,writtenin1929,wasarepresentativeworktoshowVirginia’sthoughtoffeminism,inthisbook,sheexplicitlydemonstratesthesocialrealitiesthatinthetraditionallypaternitysocietythatwomenhadbeenoppressedforsuchalongtime.Theyhadtofacetothesexdiscriminationandalsothetradition-bound.Andshebroughtforwardthehistoryreasonandtherealityreasonofthisphenomenon.shepointedoutthefactorsthatrestrictwomen’screativityinliterature,firstistheabsenceoffinancialindependence,andsecondisthepoorsocialposition,andthenshejumptotheconclusionthatifawomanwanttostartwriting,shemusthaveatleast500poundsincomeayearandaroomofherown.Woolfsaidthatmostworksattheageshelivescreatedbymenwerelargelyidenticalbutwithminordifferences,becausetheirwritingwayswereallgotintoconventionalpatternthatcouldn’tstrikeachordamongthereaders.Forthisreason,Woolfmadeasuggestiontoallthefemalewritersthattheyshouldcreatetheirownuniquewaysofthinkingandcreativitytodemonstratetheexistenceofwomen.Inthework,Woolfencourageswomentobethemselves,tobeanindependentonediffersfrommen,notleechontomenatthesametimegettogetherharmoniouslywithmenandthewholeworld.Shecreativelyputforwardanewwritingconcept,Androgyny,whichmeansbothsexesonebody.Sheclaimsthatandrogynyisthebestsituationbothforwomenandmenwhowanttowrite,andit’salsothebestwaytoeliminatethedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.Itispreciselybecausetheputforwardofthiscreativeconcept,thisbookisstillbeconsideredasoneofthemostoutstandingmasterpieceinwomen’sliteraturearea.Ontheotherhand,ARoomofOne’sOwnisalsoacontroversialworkinthecritics’eyes.Ithasbeen2repeatedlyreviewed,critiqued,andanalyzedsinceitspublicationin1929.Somecriticstatesthatthisessayisnotafeministworkbutcompletelyapoliticalideologyandreducestheessay’sscopetoacollectionofmusingsonwomenandfiction.Someothercriticenlargesthescopetoawide,universalfeminismbecauseattheperiodinwhichWoolfwaswriting,feminism,bypopulardefinition,meantwantingthevoteforwomen.ThisiscertainlynotWoolf’sbrandoffeminism.Woolf’sownintentioninwritingARoomofOne’sOwnmayhaveactuallybeentocreateaworkthatlaysomewhereinbetweenthesetwoextremes.Butinfact,herfeminismisinactualityquitelimitedinthatsheonlyappliesittoBritish,uppermiddleclasswomenwriters.Heressaywhichtosomeoneseemednon-feministandtosomeothersseemedfeminist-universalistis,byourmoderndefinition,feminist;however,becausethelimitationofculture,class,andprofession,Woolf’sfeminismwasakindofnarrowfeminism.EventhoughtARoomofOne’sOwnissuchacontroversialwork,it’snodoubtthattheessayisalsoamasterpieceinthewomenliteraryworld,andhadmadeagreatcontributiontothelaterfemaleliterature.Chapterone:ThesocietypositionofwomenInthefirstperiodofthebook,Woolffirstdefinesthequestionsofwomenandfictionasbeingthreeinextricablequestions:womenandfiction,that’smaybewomenand