名词中高考考点:1.名词的数(可数与不可数)2.名词作定语3.名词所有格4.名词与冠词、动词、介词的搭配5.相似名词辨析名词很重要,考点也很多呢,我要加油啦^_^要点一:名词的分类专有名词5名词个体名词普通名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词名词虽然很多,但是只要分门别类弄清楚了,就会很简单了~1.专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构等名称的词。(1)人名例:EinsteinYaoMingtheBlacksI’mRachel..(2)地名和地理名称例:EuropeTheUnitedStatesItisveryhotinChangsha!(3)星期、月份、节日例:FebruaryChristmasDayTodayisSaturday.(4)表示团体机构、学校、医院、公共建筑的专有名词例:theUnitedNationstheGreatWallHaveyoueverbeentoTheGreatWall?(5)表示江河、湖泊、海洋、森林等。例:theYellowRivertheWestLaketheSaharaDeserttheGreatForest这些你都知道吗?2.普通名词普通名词指人或物所共有的名称。(1)个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体例:teacherboybookappletabletaxiI’magirl.(2)集体名词集体名词是一群人或一类物的总称。例:people(人们)classpolicefruittraffichair(3)物质名词物质名词指无法划分个体的物品的名称,也指一类具有共同特点的物品的总称。例:airwatermilkrainsnowwindpaperinkmoney我要吃肉!(4)抽象名词抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念。例:coldbeautycouragerespectknowledgefriendship我美吗美吗美吗?O(∩_∩)O哈哈~英语语法课程名词授课:Rachel1.可数名词单数可数名词单数前一般要加冠词a/an,one,my等,不可单独使用。例:ausefuldictionaryanhonestman2.可数名词复数规则变化(1)一般情况下直接在词尾加-s。例:bookbooksscupcupssbagbagsz(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词尾加-es.例:busbusesboxboxesdishdisheswatchwatches(3)以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe变成v,再在词尾加-es.vz例:leafleavesthiefthieveshalfhalvesknifeknives巧学妙记妻子wife拿刀knife去宰狼wolf,小偷thief吓得发了慌;藏在架shelf后保已self命life,半片树叶leaf遮目光。(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再在词尾加-es.例:citycitiescountrycountriesfamilyfamiliesuniversityuniversities(5)以“元音字母+y”结尾的词直接在词尾加-s.aeiou+y例:daydaysboyboyskeykeys(6)以o结尾的单词,大部分在词尾加-s.例:zoozoosradioradiospianopianospotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes不规则变化(1)元音发生变化louselice例:footfeetgoosegeesetoothteethmanmenwomanwomenmousemice(2)词尾发生变化例:childchildrenoxoxen公牛(3)单复数同形例:fishfishsheepsheepdeerdeer鹿(4)表示某国人的名词复数例:aChineseChineseaJapaneseJapaneseanEnglishmanEnglishmenaFrenchmanFrenchmenanAmericanAmericansaGermanGermansanAustralianAustralians(5)复合名词的复数例:story-tellerstorytellersgrown-upgrown-upsson-in-lawsons-in-lawmandoctormendoctorswomanteacherwomenteachersExercise:1.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmanythere.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit2、Ihavetwoinmypencil-box.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.aknifeExercise:3、You’renotarichmanorafamousperson.Butinmyheart,youareoneofthegreatestintheworld.A.businessmenB.manC.menD.person4.——What’sinthe?——Therearesomeandinthem.A.photos;potatos;radiosB.photos;potatoes;radiosC.photoes;potatos;radiosD.photos;potatoes;radioes要点二:不可数名词的数1.不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化。例:advice建议furniture家具fun乐趣homework家庭作业paper纸sugar糖work工作fruit水果news消息trouble麻烦wealth财富weather天气rain雨2.不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词若表示数量,需要加适当的单位名词。(1)用some,much,alittle,alotof,plentyof等词修饰,表示大概的量。例:muchwateralittlebutteralotoffoodplentyoftime(2)表示具体的量。结构为:数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词例:apieceofadviceameterofclothatonofcoalapoundofmeatabagofricetwocupsofteathreebottlesofwateradropofrainabarofchocolateagustofwindaflashoflightningacrowdofpeopleagroupofchildren3.可数名词和不可数名词的转化例:Aglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃做的。Shebroketwoglasses.Noneofhisfamilylikeschicken.鸡肉Adogisrunningafterachicken.小鸡注意:有些不可数名词也可以作可数名词,但意义发生了变化。例:cloth(布)clothes(衣服)good(益处)goods(货物)work(工作)works(著作)paper(纸)papers(报纸、证件、试卷)wood(木头)woods(小树林)room(空间)room(房间)life(生活)lives(生命)time(时间)times(次数、倍数,时代)fruit(水果)fruits(各种水果)要点三:名词所有格名词所有格表示名词所属关系的形式。’s所有格of所有格双重所有格1.表示有生命的名词的所有格.(1)一般情况下在名词词尾加's.例:thestudent'sbook这个学生的书MissGreen'scoat(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,直接在其后加'.例:myparents’hopeTeachers'Day(3)不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,在词尾加's.例:Children'sDayWomen'sDay(4)两人或多人共同拥有一样东西时,只需在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有的,则两个词后都要加’s.例:ThisisSusanandmylittlesister’sroom.共有TheyareJim’sandJohn’sfather.2.表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后常常省略它所修饰的名词。例:atthetailor’s(shop)nearthegrocer’satthebutcher’s(shop)attheGreens’(home)3.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以加’s构成所有格。例:yesterday’sfoodaweek’stimetwohours’walksixminutes’driveChina’sweatherBeijing’sscenerythemoon’slightthesun’scenter4.特殊的所有格形式(1)表示无生命事物的名词,通常用“名词+of+名词”结构来构成所有格。例:thewindowsoftheclassroomthelegsofthedeskthetitleofthebook(2)双重所有格由“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”构成。用法:双重所有格带有’s所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词,同时of前面必须是不确指的名词。例:abrotherofmyfather’sanovelofLuXun’sHi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye主谓主谓一致三原则Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则壹语法一致原则Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语也用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。eg:Hisfatherisadoctor.Theyarestudents.Weloveourmotherland.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑴由and或both…and….连接的并列主语如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数,若指同一个人或物,则谓语动词用单数。eg:BothLucyandLilyarestudents.Aworkerandwriterisgoingtogaveusatalk.一个工人兼作家知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑵用one、everyone、eachone、anyone、each、either、neither等+of+名词复数做主语时,谓语动词用单数。eg:Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsispretty.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑶不定代词either、neither、theother、another、someone、somebody、something等在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。eg:Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting?Thereissomethingwrongthemybike.知识要点知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑷不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。eg:Readingislearning.Toseeistobelieve.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑸主语后面跟有with,alongwith,except,besides,but,as