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英语简单句五种基本句型句子成分主语（subject）：一句话的中心Mysisterisanurse.Herroomisonthesecondfloor.谓语（predicate）：是主语的主要情况，可表示动作、状态Sheworksinahospital.SheknowsalittleEnglish.宾语（object）：表示动作的承受者或动作的结果Everybodyknowsher.Sheiswritingaletternow.表语（predicative）:和系动词一起构成谓语Sheisakindgirl.定语（attribute）：修饰名词、代词等Herhospitalisn’tverybig.Buteveryoneinthehospitalworkshard.状语（adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词或副词Shegoestoworkveryearly.Shefeelsveryhappy.•句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓/不及物动词）Everybodysmiled.Thesunisrising.基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓/及物动词＋宾）Heknowseverything.Ilikeher.基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓/系动词＋表）Theboylookshealthy.基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ(主＋谓/双宾动词＋间宾＋直宾）Ishowedhimmypassport.基本句型五:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓/及物动词＋宾＋宾补）Whatmadeyouangry?各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：-----主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词----谓语(V)（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）3.Pronouns（pron.)代词：----主语，宾语，表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.____S___V_______O___S___V__O4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词：----定语(At.)表语（P）e.g.Theflowerisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulflower.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：------状语（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词：------定语，表语，主语等e.g.25(desks)______(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词：一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P)are8.Prepositions(prep.)介词（in,at,on,…)prep.+n.介词短语-----状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so…)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah…)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用基本句型一Ｓ(subject)+V(verb)（主＋谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.Hiswordsworks.Vs主语+不及物动词•It’ssnowing.•Thetrainisarriving.•Theblinddonotsee.•Canyouread?•Itdoesn’tpay.•MayIgo?•Wewaitedandwaited.主语+不及物动词+状语•Didyousleepwell?•Don’tdrivesofast.•Sheisstudyinghardattheuniversity.•Sheswimslikeafish.•Sheistremblingallover.•YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.主语+不及物动词+副词•Themeetingbrokeupingreatconfusion.•Theenginebrokedown.•Thebombblewup.•Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?•Theconcertcameoffwell.•Saleshavebeendroppingoffbadly.主语+不及物动词（有被动意思）•Thedoorblewopen.•Cheesecutseasily.•Shephotographswell.•Thewindowwon’tshut.•Silkstainseasily.•Hereyesfilledwithtears.基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.SVo主语+及物动词+名词/代词•1.主谓宾结构•Helovespoetry.•Heleftschoolin1988.•Theyfoundacureforcancer.•WetooktheearlyflighttoAmerica.•2.习惯用语（动词+名词）•Don’tcatchcold.Takecare!Theiceisthin.主语+及物动词+反身代词•Ican’texpressmyselfEnglish.•NowI’llintroducemyself.•Shesawherselfinthemirror.•Icansupportmyself.•Iaskedmyselfseveralquestions.主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）•Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.•Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.•Ican’tbeartoseeyoulikethis.•Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.•Idon’twishtoleavemymother.•Hepromisedtoseeherhome.主语+及物动词+动名词（作宾语）•Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?•Whyhavetheydelayedopeningthenewschool?•Ican’timaginelyinglikethis.•Ipreferstanding.•Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.主语+及物动词+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句•Ididn’tknowwheretheyhadgone.•Thisshowshowmuchshesympathizedwithhim.•DoyouseenowwhyIdidit?•HeaskedwhenwewouldbeinLondon.•Youcandiscusswhichishisbestpoem.•IcantellyouwhatIhear.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,remain,stand等主语+系动词+形容词•Shefeltabitdizzy.•You’renotlookingverywell.•Thedishsmellsgood.•Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.•Thingswillcomerightintheend.•Hehasfallenill.•Hisadviceprovedsound.主语+系动词+名词/代词•Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.•Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.•Wecanremainfriends.•Heappearedafool.•Itsoundsagoodidea.•Theaffairrestsamystery.主语+系动词+副词•Ihavebeenoutforawalk.•ButI’vegottobeoffnow.•I’llseeifheisaround.•Ifheisnothere,he’saboutsomewhere.•Shehadbeenawayonalongtrip.主语+系动词+不定式•Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.•Theiraimwastomodernizetheiragriculture.•Yourjobistomakesurethattheworkisfinishedontime.•Mydutyistogetyouaway,tosaveyou.主语+系动词+动名词•Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.•Hisoccupationwasteaching.•Myjobisrepairingcars.•Hermaininterestisplayingtennis.主语+系动词+从句•Theirfirstideawasthathehadhiddenit.•Myopinionisthattheplanwon’twork.•Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语•Be/系动词+形容词+介词•Beafraidof/beshortof/befondof/beproudof/betiredof/beconfidentof/beworriedabout/feelconfidentof/remainignorantof/fallshortof主语+系动词+形容词+不定式•Begladto/besorryto/behappyto/beanxiousto/bekeento/bereadyto/bewillingto/beafraidto/becontentto主语+系动词+形容词+从句•Afraid/sorry/glad/sure/certain/confident/surprised/hopeful/proud/clear/aware(of)基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S+V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.主语+双宾语动词+名词或代词+名词•1.动词后接to:giveshowsendbringreadpasslendleavehandtellreturnwritethrowrefusephone等•Shegavemehertelephonenumber(gaveajobtome).Hehandedmetheletter(thelettertome).•2.动词后接for:makebuydogetplaysingpayfindorderchoosesavecook•3.不能改为to或for的•Finecostkisskeepmeanforgiveset•Theyfinedher200dollars.注意：1.如果直接宾语是人身代词宾格时，只能用加to或for的形式。Eg：Sheoftengivesittome.2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+疑问词+todosth.(whattodo/howtodoit)Eg:Hetaughtmehowtoreadthewords.基本句型