1表语从句讲解及专项练习概念:表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。★Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。★ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。★Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。引导表语从句的词:从属连词that、whether、asthough、asif(That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略。)关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等;关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。※由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。例如:★Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。★Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。★Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。★Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。※由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。例如:★Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去。★Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作。★That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事。★That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的。※由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间,地点,方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。2例如:★Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。★Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因。★Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。★Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的。※由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。★Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了。★That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事。★Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案。注意A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B.不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether位于句首时要用whether。引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether。False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.C.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。基本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句例如:★Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)★ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)★WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)★ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)★Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)3例题精析:[考题1]Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that[答案]D[解析]下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句,如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此,应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。[考题2]Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how[答案]B[解析]下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词,“Idisagree”本身是完整的主谓结构),下划线应填入引导词where,表语从句“whereIdisagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。[考题3]—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[答案]A[解析]下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语,下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。[考题4]____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(2000上海)A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that[答案]A[解析]第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语,特指她所不理解的事情,应填入关系代词型的引导词what;第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果,由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么……”(指原因、理由,由because引导对应的名词性从句),应填入引导词why。[考题5]____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because[答案]B[解析]第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语,特指令校方骄傲的事情,应选用关系代词型的引导词what;第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由,应由that引导对应的名词性从句。[考题6]—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout4C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited[答案]A[解析]A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”;B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”;C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”;D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应,充当表语从句。表语测试1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______