中国主要农作物种质资源地理分布

:1995209;:1996207(,100081)(,100101),,,,,,,,,,,,,,1964196521,197819797160019003004,[1],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,40,[2],,[3][4],,,,247,1000104t30,73,25(),6(),7(),17(52119971ACTAGEOGRAPHICASINICAVol.52,No.1JAN.,1997),11(),7(),11Fig11DistributionofthemaincropgermplasmresourcesinChina1,(2),,,,6070%,,,44370,2714%;,38662,2319%,,23642,5014%,,,,3214%,1517%1813%6418%;,,,,20103km2,2%,11167,7%;,(),(111:),6788,412%,,4017%13%,,97%,,,,12968,810%,(4905)(1998)(1384)(2041)2211%1011%1219%2019%,2Fig12DistributionofthemainfoodcropgermplasmresourcesinChina2(3),60%,20%718%712%219%213%,,,,,,35,,,,,35,,21523Fig13DistributionofthemainfibreplantgermplasmresourcesinChina39272(4),,3012,3214%,,2617%,,2019%,917%,617%,119%117%,,;,,6;,5816%,5111%,3215%,1412%3119%,2711%,2516%,3619%,2610%,2617%,,8%,2811%,,,1211%,3114%,311:4Fig14DistributionofthemainoilcropgermplasmresourcesinChina2113%,714,36%,2819%,4(1991),95165106hm2(1),106hm22025106hm2,,21167104hm2,(),106hm230930,,(),,,,107000,106hm235551055006500,2775104000,1590,,102000,106hm2615,,,,,,,,,,,41521Tab11Numberofaccessionsofthemaincropgermplasmfromvariousprovince:(106hm2)106hm2442859126463773375490818361540615392489447350643194129044792324055692888260553146175582655231009641104014126852231813731373014387082492313879681543110020615515301490520564270898196167543169454545637022930141475314310010656925746157194975013230455981462248652179141766341551680449418216526310021754211171315023551295173652812935234135810267796107329291823420112527753924183385184331024811213420558312107747135710122310847618315907292248450101392295939061921350546142888118563221723931462085605428412949234827075313121307705112368505931918974215235551337815632893485614059216153859221347104419110901442535851630346014753391391123261281785790225638357510312943811855100967719527940139235108262186378067880930056886012230930910716063944113316510645315230303379991802584245400331481140124758159685211558017826857891521135579720180121519362064233025116730853112100512523651511309161574464392721310422113830194634951652025511:,106hm2538537805100,,,,,106hm245453030,,,,,,197735229(),32%,51%,,106hm25,,3510473,194634:(1):;(2),,,35N,,35N;(3)6,;(4),1..,1994(4)1-6.2,,.,,1991.3..,1990.4,.,1988.6152DISTRIBUTIONONTHEMAINCROPGERMPLASMRESOURCESINCHINACaoYongshengZhangXianzhenBaiJianjun(InstituteofcropGermplasmResources,CAAS,Beijing100081)GongGaofa(Instituteofgeography,ChineseAcademyofSciencesandStatePlanningCommissionofP.R.C,Beijing100101)Keywordscrop,germplasmresources,China,distributionAbstractChinaisanimportantcenterfortheoriginofcropsintheworld.Since1949,researchesofexploration,collection,preservation,characterizationandevaluationofcropgermplasmre2sourceshavebeendoneinChina.Andnow350000accessionsofcropgermplasmhavebeencol2lected.Thispaperdescribesthecharacteristicsandrulesofgeographicaldistributionofmaincropgermplasmresources,totallyincluding194634accessionsofgermplasmof73crops.A2mongthem,foodcropgermplasmhave161574accessions,makingup83%ofthetotalnumber.Themapsofgeographicaldistributionofmainfoodcrop,fibreplantsandoilcropsarepresent2ed.ThecropgermplasmresourcesinChinaaredistributedwidelyinthewholecountry.Withregardtoprovinces,cropgermplasmresourcesaremorebountifulinShanxi,Guangxi,Sichuan,Shandong,Yunnan,Shaanxi,Hebei,Henan,Guangdongandthetotalgermplasmresourcesintheseprovincesare112185accessions,makingup57.6%inthewholecountry.Withregardtoagriculturalregions,cropgermplasmresourcesatthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiverarethemostbountifulwhichhave52325accessions,makingup26.9%inthewholecoun2try.Withregardtothecultivatedland,therearetherichestgermplasmresourcespermillionmu(1hectare=15mu)ofcultivatedlandinXizang(2062accessions),whichismuchhigherthanthenationalaverage(135accessions).Butthereareobviousdifferencesinthewholecoun2try.Ingeneral,theyfollowsuchrules:themorebountifultheheatresources,themorecompli2catedtheterrainandthelongerthehistoryofagriculturalplanting,thericherthecropgermplasmresourcespermillionmucultivatedlandwillbe.711: