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组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：主谓宾定状补表1.主语:通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词,从句来充当.(climb)themountainswashardbutaswelookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.isnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Toclimb/climbingIt2.谓语:通常由动词充当.1.Theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成复合谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.Wearestudents.动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.3.表语：跟在系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(系动词:is,am,areseem,get,become,turn,fall,sound,smell,look,taste)通常由形容词，不定式，动名词，介词短语，从句来充当。•Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell______(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.silent4.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,动名词,不定式和宾语从句构成.2.Ienjoy(listen)topopularmusic.3.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.4.…instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith________(inform)inthereading.1.Itookadifferentview.Ididnotgetanyhelpfromanybody.Ithinkgoodtohaveabalanceofviewpoints.(2009届湛江二模)listeningitinformation宾语的种类•△双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：•指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。•Hegavemetwobooks.•△复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）•Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.5.宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整，补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）一般由名词，形容词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，从句来充当。Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Loudmusicmakesme(comfort).Don'tmakethebaby(cry)anymore.Theyfoundthehouse(break)in.Isawthegoats(eat)thegrass.Youmustn’tforcehim(lend)hismoneytoyou.crybrokeneatingtolenduncomfortable6.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.一般用形容词,不定式,分词，介词短语,从句等来充当.1.Ina_________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto…2.Heisalwaysthefirststudenttogettoschool.3.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress.4.Iwanttobecomeayouthofhighquality.dangerous7，状语:说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.由副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句.Theboyfinishedbysaying,“BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois___39___(true)rich.”trulyImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)简单句的五种基本句型•他所说的没有什么关系。•Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.•这个学校三分之二的学生反对这个计划。•Twothirdsofthestudentsintheschoolopposethisplan.•她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。•Herjobistotakecareofchildreninthenursery.•我要你把真相告诉我。•Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.•他的父亲买给他一台电脑。•Hisfatherboughthimacomputer.ＳＶ（主＋谓）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）不及物动词Vi.及物动词Vt.系动词宾语补足语指人指物［特别说明］本句型中，谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。Muchunfairnessexistsinthesociety.不及物动词Vi.［特别说明］及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语)，才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句等。1.常要求接动名词作宾语的动词有admit，advise，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，finish，forbid，imagine，mind，miss，practice，risk，suggest，giveup，can’thelp，lookforwardto等。2.接todo和doing意义不同的动词或短语有remember，forget，regret，stop，goon等。3.表示“(某物)需要(做某事)”的动词need，want，require等，接doing的主动形式与接tobedone意思相同。及物动词Vt.•1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词•Heisateacher.•2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay•Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.•3）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,seem,appear,look•Thisflowersmellsverysweet.•4）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come•Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词［特别说明］本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。•注意：•后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等，•后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep,find,get,think,make等。•动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等)，使役动词(如let,have,make等)，动词不定式不带to。宾语补足语一般说来，在give，tell，lend，sell，teach，send，write，show，return，bring，pass，leave，offer，hand等后面表示“给”某人做某事，用to；在buy，choose，get，make，order，sing，do，play，save等后表示“为”某人做某事，用for；•1.Igotupveryearlytocatchthefirstbus.•2.Weshouldkeepcalminfaceofdanger.•6.Weallthinkthatheishonest.•Whatwethinkisthatheishonest.•Allofusconsiderhimhonest.•7.Ithinkthathelpinghimisourduty.•Ithinkthatitisoutdutytohelphim.•Ithinkitourdutytohelphim.•8.HetaughtusChineselastyear.•1.30%ofgirlswanttobecometeacherswhileonly5%ofboyswanttodothat.•2.Plentyofpeoplecometovisithereandthenumberofvisitorshasincreasedyearbyyear.•3.Eachyearthousandsofnewbuildingsarebuilt,buttheystillcan’tmeettheneedsofpeople.•4.Workhard,andyouwillmakeprogress.•5.Itwascoldoutside,sowehadtostayathome.•6.Fishmuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.［写作内容］根据以下内容，用五句话介绍你班班长。1.李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。2.他能够用英语流利地表达。3.因为这些原因，我们选他做我们班的班长。4.去年，他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼物。5.现在，我们成为好朋友,这个暑假我将和他去旅游。LiMingisanexcellentstudentinourclass.Besides,hecanexpresshimselfinEnglishfluently.Forthesereasons,wechose/electedhimasthemonitorofourclass.Lastyear,hegavemeanicegiftonmybirthday.NowwebecomegoodfriendsandthissummerheandIwillgotravelling,together.