英语句子成分和五个基本句型

一、介绍与其重要性句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。英语的句子成分：•一）主语：Wallshaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.•二）谓语由__________担任。加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.动词/动词短语名词代词数词todo不定式doing动名词句子助动词或情态动词Myfatherisaprofessor.Who'sthat?It'sme.Everythinghereisexpensive.Thematchbecameveryexciting.Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.三）表语它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______,_______的.系动词、连系动词性质特征状态名词n代词pron形容词adjadj介词短语数词todo不定式句子（四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?Givemefourplease.Hewantstodreamanicedream.Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.动词/动词短语介词名词n代词pron动名词代词和数词todo不定式句子介词+名词（五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。Theyarewomanworkers.Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.Maryisabeautifulgirl..Theplayhasthreeacts.ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Ihavenothingtoeat.ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.名前后名词名词所有格形容词adj数词形容词/序数词/todo不定式现在分词doingtodo不定式从句六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.We'llsendacartofetchyou.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybonesThestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.Ifhegoes,sowillI.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.名词形容词介词短语todo不定式现在分词doingdone过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.与宾语补足语一样(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?构成句子的成分有很多，比如：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语以及表语等。但是，我们要记住任何一个句子，都必须拥有自己的主语和谓语！练习一下吧！练习：翻译下面的句子。1.老板看起来很高兴。2.她喜欢看书。3.我的腿疼。4.我给他看了我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。Thebossseemsveryhappy.Sheenjoysreading.Myleghurts.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.归纳简单句的五个基本句型主语+谓语+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语主语+谓语+间宾+直宾.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补.只要同学们能按照五个句型，就能写出正确的句子啦。Thetrainhasarrived．Helookspale.Sheenjoysdancing.Shetoldmeaninterestingstory.Theymadehimking.二.五种简单句基本句型主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语+系+表语主语+谓语1）Ourcityisatthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways.主语系动词表语2）Thecitywillbecomerich.主语系动词表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：__________________________________________.“感官”类:__________________________________________.“持续”类：___________________________________________.其他：（似乎）_______________(证明是)_________get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainSeemappearturnout/prove(tobe)1．主语+系动词+表语Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.树叶在秋天会变黄。____________________________________.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。____________________________________.这个计划证明是可行的。____________________________________.Youstorysoundedveryinteresting.Leavesturnyellowinfall.Thehotdaywillremain/stay/keepafewdays.Theplanturnedout/proved（tobe)practical.2．主语+谓语1）Buildinghasstarted.主语谓语2）Thetrainleavesat7:40.主语谓语______搭配：Theteacherteacheswell.Thechildwalksveryslowly._____搭配：Thegirllookedatthepicture.Thechildrenrantotheforest.动词副词动词介词Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.EverydayIgetupearly,walktotheparkandsitonthebench.Thebirdssinghappilyinthetree,thefishplayfreelyinthepoolandIalsoenjoymyself.3．主语+谓语+宾语1）Thebossemployedfivemoreworkers.主语谓语宾语2）Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.3）Fewstudentsliketakingexams.4）Heforgottoclosethedoor.5）IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently.Exercise他违反了交通规则。_________________________________.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_________________________________.他许诺给我一个礼物。_________________________________.Hebrokethetrafficrules.Hetookoutabottle