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复合句和非谓语动词之间的转换1.名词性从句和非谓语动词之间的转换：将名词性从句变为动名词短语、动词不定式短语等。A.主语从句：1.ThatthestudentsknowEnglishhelpstheminlearningFrench.Thestudents’knowingEnglishhelpstheminlearningFrench.2.Thathewasillmadehismotherworried.Hisbeingillmadehismotherworried.3.Thatshewaschosenmadeushappy.Herbeingchosenmadeushappy.4.Whenandwherewewillholdthemeetingisunknown.Whereandwheretoholdthemeetingisunknown.5.Itseemedthattheywereeatingsomethingcookedonthefire.Theyseemedtobeeatingsomethingcookedonthefire.6.Itissaidthatthebookhasbeentranslatedintomanyotherlanguages.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanyotherlanguages.7.Hehappenedthathewasathomethatday.Hehappenedtobeathomethatday.B.表语从句1.Ourworryisthatyoudependtoomuchonhim.Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim.2.Thetroubleisthattheywerenotabletoagreewitheachother.Thetroubleistheirnotbeingabletoagreewitheachother.3.Myideaisthatheshouldgowithoutdelay.Myideaisforhimtogowithoutdelay.C.宾语从句1.IregretthatIhaven’tacceptedyouradvice.Iregretnothavingacceptedyouradvice.2.Hesuggeststhatwe(should)makebetteruseoftheschoollibrary.Hesuggestsourmakingbetteruseoftheschoollibrary.3.Idon’tknowwhatIcandowiththeunwelcomefellow.Idon’tknowwhattodowiththeunwelcomefellow.4.Iwarnedthatheshouldnotdrivethecarafterdrinking.Iwarnedhimnottodrivethecarafterdriving.5.Hewasafraidthathewasscoldedforhismistake.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedforhismistake.6.Hewasastonishedthatsheknewyou.Hewasastonishedatherknowingyou.D.当从句是同位语从句：Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Weheardofourteamhavingwon.2.定于从句和非谓语动词之间的转换A.将定语从句变成分词短语、动词不定式短语（主动关系用doing,todo;被动关系用done,beingdone,tobedoneThebuildingwhichwasbuiltlastweekisourlibrary.Thebuildingbuiltlastweekisourlibrary.Helivesinahousethatfacesthesouth.Helivesinahousefacingthesouth.Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnowisourlibrary.Thebuildingwhichhadbeenbuiltlastyearisourhospital.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourhospital.ThemanwhoistalkingtoTomishisyoungbrother.ThemantalkingtoTomishisyoungbrother.定语从句中如含有情态动词或先行词前有序数词、Last、only、等修饰时变定语从句为不定式短语作后置定语Youneedsomeonewhocanlookafteryou.Youneedsomeonetolookafteryou.HewasthefirstthatarrivedandthelastthatleftHewasthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.Thequestionwhichwillbediscussedtomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.C.若定语从句中含有“拥有”意义的动词has,have,had时，用介词with,without.Theoldmanwhohadapipeinhismouthstoodthere.Theoldmanwithapipeinhismouthstoodthere.Theteacherislookingforarulethatdidnothaveanexception.Theteacherislookingforarulewithoutanexception.3.状语从句与非谓语动词之间的转换（1）当从句是条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句时把状语从句变成分词短语（主动关系用doing,完成关系用havingdone;被动关系用done;完成时的被动关系用havingbeendone当主句和从句的主语一致时WhileIwaswaitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.(while)waitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.BecauseIhadn’treceivedananswerIwroteagain.Nothavingreceivedananswer,Iwroteagain.Ashewaseducatedbytheparty,hebecameagreatfighter.EducatedbytheParty,hebecameagreatfighter.BeingeducatedbytheParty,hebecameagreatfighter.（不正确）Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.当主句和从句的主语不一致时（独立主格结构，其前不能保留连接词）Whenspringcomes,thefieldsarefulloflife.Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.Ifweatherpermits,we’llgoforaspringouting.Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforaspringouting.Becausehewasill,hiswifehadtoattendtohimathome.Beingill,hiswifehadtoattendtohimathome.Becausetherewasnobus,wemustcomebackhomeonfoot.Therebeingnobus,wemustcomebackhomeonfoot.Wheneverythingwasprepared,webegantocarryouttheproject.Everythingprepared,webegantocarryouttheproject.B.用介词短语替代从句Hewaspraisedbecausehehadwontheprize.Hewaspraisedforhavingwontheprize.AssoonasIarrivethere,I’lltelephoneyou.Onarrivingthere,I’lltelephoneyou.Aftertheworkwasdone,hewenthome.Withtheworkdone,hewenthome.Ifyouhelpus,wewillfinishthetaskintime.Withyoutohelpus,wewillfinishthetaskintime.2.当从句是结果状语从句、目的状语从句时用表结果的分词短语或表目的的不定式替换从句（只有当主句和从句的主语一致时）Theysetoutearlyinorderthat(sothat)theycanarrivethereintime.Theysetoutearlyinorderto(soasto)arrivethereintime.Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn’tgotosleep.ShewastooexcitedtogotosleepShewassoexcitedasnotgotosleep.4.并列复合句和非谓语动词之间的转换有些以and连接的复合句，可以把变成逗号，把and后面的从句变成独立主格结构、with复合结构或非谓语动词Theboystoodthereandhisrighthandwasraised.Theboystoodthere,hisrighthandraised.Heclimbedinandaswordwasinhishand.Heclimbedin,withaswordinhishand.Heclimbedin,aswordinhishand.Heclimbedin,swordinhand.Hisfatherdiedandlefthimanorphan.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimanorphan.Theteacherenteredthelaband(he)wasfollowedbyhisstudents.Theteacherenteredthelab,followedbyhisstudents.