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1英语国家概况第十三章美国地理位置Geography1.AlaskaandHawaiiarethetwoneweststatesinAmerican.AlaskanorthwesternCanada,andHawaiiliesinthecentralPacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2。TheU.Shasalandareaof9.3millionsquarekilometres.ItisthefourthlargestcountryintheworldinsizeafterRussia,CanadaandChina.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。3.OfallstatesofAmerican,AlaskaisthelagestinareaandRhodeIslandthesmallest.ButonthemainlandTexasisthelargestsateofthecountry.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。4。TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericanContinent,isalsoknownastheContinentalDivide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。5。ThetwomainmountainrangesinAmericanaretheAppalachianmountainsandtheRockymountains.TheAppalachiansrunslightlyfromthenortheasttosouthwestandtheRockymountainsrunslightlyfromthenorthwesttosoutheast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）6。TheMississippiRiveristhelargestriverinAmerican,over6000kilometers.TheMississippihasbeencalledfatherofwatersoroldmanriver密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”。7。TheOhioriverhasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr,AsinGermany,theareaalongtheriverisrichinvaluabledepositsofhigh-gradecokingcoalandiswellknownforitssteelindustry.Theriverprovidescheapwatertransportationforrawmaterials.俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河有丰富的高品千周的焦煤，并且因其钢铁而著名。另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输。8。OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:theColoradointhesouthandtheColumbia,whichrisesinCanada.太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河。9。TheRioGrandeRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.2格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河（本细节考选择和简答可能性大）10。themostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan,theonlyentirelyintheU.S.,LakeHuron,LakeEireandLakeOntario.TheyarelocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全是美国境地内。11。美国气候概述1)Ahumidcontinentalclimate(湿润的大陆性气候）isfoundinthenorth-easternpartofthecountry.2)Inthesouth-easternUnitedStatesyoucanfindahumidsubtropicalclimate.(湿润的亚热带气候---东南部）3）ThePacificnorthwestisfavoredwithamaritimeclimate海洋性气候--太平洋西北岸）4）ThesouthernpartofthePacificcoastinCalifornia（加州太平洋沿岸南部）hasaMediterraneanclimate(地中海式气候）withwarm,drysummersandmoistwinters.12。ManyfactorsbesideslatitudeinfluencetheclimateintheUnitedStates.PerhapsthemostimportantforcesaretheAtlanticandPacificoceans,theGulfofMexick,andtheGreatLakes.影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖。13。TraditionallyfromtheeasttothewesttheUnitedStatescanbedividedintosevengeographicalregions.美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。14。NewEnglishismadeupofsixstatesoftheNortheast.Becaustofitsstonysoilitisnotnotedforitsagriculture.Dairyingisthemostinportantfarmactivity,NewEnglishisalsowell-knownforitspositionineducation,ManyfamousuniversitiesandcollegessuchasYale,Harvard,thdMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)arelocatedhere.新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的农业活动，许多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。15。NewEnglanderswereoriginallyknowsasYankees,whichcametostandforalllAmerican.新英格兰人最初曾被称作“美国佬：这一名称，后来渐渐指所有的美国人。（选择）16。TheMiddleAtlanticStateshaveaboutonefifthofthetotalpopulationoftheunitedstates.大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的1/5。17。Thesoilisrich,therainusuallypientifulandthegrowingseasonlong,ThesefactorsmaketheMidwestAmerica''smostimportantagriculturalarea.Itisalsoamajormanufacturingregionandthenation''sleadingcenterofheavyindustry.中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区。318。Chicago,thelargestandbusiestportontheGreatLakes,isthelargestindustralandcommercialcenterofthearea.芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的工商业中心。19。Detroitisknownastheautomobilecapitaloftheworld.OmahaisknownastheagriculturalcapitaloftheUnitedstates.底特律被称作“汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农业之都。20。Dryfarming,irrigationfarming,andthecattleandsheepherdingarethemaincativitiesoftheGreatPlainsoftheAmericanWest.旱地农业，灌溉农业和牛羊牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动。21。Coloradohasbeencalledthesteelcityofthewest,DenveristhelargestcityoftheGreatPlains.科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”，丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市。22。thelargestgroupsofNativeAmericansarefoundontheColoradoPlateau.美国最大的土著群落位于科罗拉多高原。23。MmaunaLoa,theworld''slargestvolcano,islocatedonHaiwaiianderuptsfromtimetotime,SugercaneandpineapplesanrHaiwaii''smaincrops.TourismisHaiwaii''smostimportantindustry.莫纳洛阿火山是世界最大和活火山，甘蔗和菠罗是夏威夷的两大作物，旅游业是夏威夷最重要的产业。24。HonoluluisthecapitalofHaiwaiiandJuneauisthecapitalofAlaska.火奴鲁鲁是夏威夷的首府，朱诺是阿拉斯加的首府第十四章美国人口种族Population.RaceandEthnicgroups1.TheUnitedStatesoftheAmericanisthethirdmostpopulouscountyintheworldafterChindandIndia.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。2。Immigrationaccountsforamajorsourceofpopulationgrowth,TheUnitedStateshasamoreorlessopen-doorpolicytoimmigtantsfromindependenceuntil1960s.EllisIslandofNewYorkwasanimportantimmigrationreceptionspotinthe1890sandattheturnofthecentury.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。3。Almost20millionpeopleor7.8%ofthetotalpopulationwereimmigrantsin1992.Between80%and90%ofimmigrationtotheUnitedStatesnowisfromAsianandHispaniccountries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。4。Arizona,Nevada,andFloridahavebeenthefastestgrowingstatesinpopulationforthelast20years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。5。ThefirstimmigrantsintheAmericanhistorycanefromEnglandandNetherlands.美国历史是第一批移民