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376200711()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences)Vol.37,No.6Nov.2007:[]2007205223[][](06CGJY03Z)[](19642),,,,,(,310028)[],,,,;,;;;[];;;;[]G402045[]A[]1008-942X(2007)06-0099-09CurrentSituationandPolicyChoiceoftheWaysofProvidingEducationalGoodsinChinaYANGMing(DepartmentofEducation,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310028,China)Abstract:Educationaldepartmentprovidesindividualsandthesocietywiththeeducationalgoodstheyneed.Thus,thewaysofprovidingeducationalgoodsarethecorequestionsintheallocationandutilizationofeducationalresources.Withthespeeding2upofeducationaldevelopment,itneedsanurgentadjustmentofthewaysofprovidingeducationalgoodsinChina.Asacomponentofsocialgoods,educationalgoodsarecharacterizedbynon2divisibilityinutility,competitivenessinconsumptionandexclusivenessinbenefit2gaining.Therefore,educationalgoodscanbeclassifiedasprivategoods.Tosumup,itisabsolutelypracticalforthemarkettoprovideeducationalgoods.However,educationalgoodscannotbetotallyequaltoprivategoods,sinceeducationalgoodsarefeaturedwithpositiveexternalitiesandobviouspublicsocialbenefits.Allinall,agreatmajorityofeducationalgoodshavethefeaturesofmixedgoods.Asthelevelofeducationincreases,thefeaturesofeducationaspublicgoodsdiminishandthoseasprivategoodsincrease.Compulsoryeducationistypicalpublicgoodsandintherealsenseofpublicgoods,compulsoryeducationshouldbefreeeducation.Seniorsecondaryeducationisavoluntaryandselectiveeducation,characterizedbycompetitivenessinconsumptionandexclusivenessinbenefit2gaining.Thus,seniorsecondaryeducationisprivategoods.Althoughhighereducationismainlyprivategoods,ithascertainpositiveexternalitiesandisprivategoodswithpublicsocialbenefits.Vocationalandtechnicaleducationisbasicallyprivategoodssinceithasverystrongcompetitivenessinconsumptionandexclusivenessinbenefit2gaining.Andadulteducationiscompletelyprivategoods.Inthefuture,thewaysofprovidingeducationalgoodsshouldbebasedontheoperationalmechanismoftheinterrelationsandinter2constraintsofthegovernment,market,societyandschools,whichwillnotonlyfacilitatethemacro2managementofthegovernment,butencouragetheactiveparticipationofvarioussocialfactorsinschooloperations,andschoolswillhavecertainfreedomintheiroperationsaswell.Thecompulsoryeducationshouldconductadevelopmentstrategyofgovernmentasthemainproducerandproviderandthemarketasthesupplementaryone,soitisnecessaryandurgenttorealizethefreecompulsoryeducationandstrengthenthefiscaltransferfromgovernmentstothecompulsoryeducation.Asforseniorsecondaryschools,thegovernmentshouldincreaseitsfiscalsupportandtheexpenditureofseniorsecondaryeducationcanptbecollectedbyfeecharging.Andasforvocationalandtechnicalschools,thegovernmentshouldincreasevocationaleducationinvestmentinwaysofstudentaidsinsteadofgeneralinvestment.Anditisatendencyinthefuturetostrengthentheroleofindustrialadministrationsandorganizationsinthevocationalandtechnicaleducation.Furthermore,theprovisionofhighereducationgoodsshouldbemainlybasedonthemarket,insteadofonthegovernment,anditisverynecessaryforthemarketmechanismtoplayamoreactivepart.Keywords:China;educationalgoods;waysofprovision;externalities;resourceallocation,,,,,,:2006,,;;,,,001()37,;,,,;,,(divisibility),,;(rivalry),,,;(excludability),[1]417,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,;,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,S.:,,[2]73,:(1),,;(2),,,,[3]415:,,,,,[4]201,,;,,,,:1016:,[1]419,,,,,(),AB,,,,,?,,;,,A.(RichardA.Musgrave):[5]14B.(JoeB.Stevens):,,,,,,[6]87(LoydG.Reynolds):,,,,,,,,:[7]277:,,,,,[8]73,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,201()37,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,;,,,,;:,,;,,[9]55,,,[10]149,,,2003,15-1743%[11]93,,;;:[12]983016:,,,,,,,,;,[13]122,,,,,,,,,;,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,:(1);(2);(3),[14]78:;;;,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,401()37,,;;,,,,,,;,,,12200312003()(%)()(%)()(%)()(%)42584698.6856761.321141497.652752.356006094.2736515.73636296.132563.871212876.86365123.14182392.821417.18475481.63107018.3737582.607917.40137988.8517311.15102792.69817.3122003()(%)()(%)()(%)()(%)()(%)116380.54312.15322.221157.961037.1364375.03343.97192.228610.03758.7516547.55144.03185.198524.506518.738861.1164.1710.693524.31149.7278749.81412.59271.7142626.9629918.9212,,76.86%,92.82%,,23.14%,,,,,80%,20%,,,5016:88.85%92.69%11.15%7.31%1104,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,;,;,;,[14]39,;,;;,,,;,;[15]11;,;,;,;,;,,,,;,;,;,,;,,;,,601()37,,,,,,,,,[][1]R.E.,M..:[M].,.:,2003.[Hall,R.E.,M.Liberman.Economics:PrincipalsandApplications[M].Trans.MaoWenbo.Beijing:CiticPress,2001.][2]Rosen,H.S.PublicFinance[M].NewYork:McGrawHill,Inc.,1995.[3]Varian,H.R.IntermediateMicroeconomics[M].Boston:NortonandCompany,Inc.,1990.[4],.[M].:,2000.[DengZiji,QiuHuabing.Finance[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2000.][5]A..[M].,.:,1996.[Musgrave,RichardA.ComparativeAnalysisofFinance[M].Trans.DongQinfa.Shanghai:ShanghaiPeoplepsPublishingHouse,1996.][6]B..[M].,.:,1999.[Stevenson,JoeB.TheEconomicsofCollectiveChoice[M].Trans.YangXiaowei.Shanghai:ShanghaiSDXJointPublishingCompany,1999.][7].:[M].,.:,1994.[Reynolds,LloydG.Microeconomics:AnalysisandPolicy[M].Trans.MaBin.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,1994.][8].[M].,.:,2001.[Mankiw,N.G.Principles