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名词性从句从句形容词性定语从句限定性非限定性副词性状语从句九种名词性主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句：一个句子充当主语，宾语，表语，同位语名词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,连接副词how,why,when,where,wh-ever连接词that,whether,if引导名词性从句的引导词（不充当从句的任何成分）(只能引导宾语从句)引导词123that连接词两无：无词义；无语法功能Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.连接词if/whether一有一无：有词义“是否”；无语法功能Idon’tcareifhedoesn'tcome.Idon'tcarewhetherhecomes.连接代词which两有：有词义，“哪一个”；有语法功能。Icanguesswhichoneyouwouldchoose.45连接代词who/whom/whose连接代词，两有：有词义,“谁（的）”；有语法功能who在从句中作主语whom作宾语whose作定语Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhowillpresideatthemeeting.连接代词what两有：有词义（模糊）；有语法功能。Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.连接副词where/when/why/how两有：有词义“在哪儿/在什么时候/为什么/怎么样”；在从句中作状语。Thisiswhereourproblemlives.Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.Italldependsonhowwesolvetheproblem.wh-+ever“无论……”意思Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.We’llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.I’llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.67________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.Idon’tknow_____broketheglassyesterday.Whenwho我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Ihavenoidea______helookslike.Thisis______Ileftmyglasses.whatwhere我不知道他长的什么样子。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主语宾语表语同位语Findouttheclause,andtellwhatkindofclauseitis:找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?Idon'tknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.规律一：名词性从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Hisrecommendationthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable..Hisrecommendationthatwe(should)gothereonfootisacceptable.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.宾语从句中的虚拟一个坚持：insist两个命令：ordercommand三个建议：suggestadviserecommend（propose）四个要求：require，request，demand,desire在同位语从句中，遇到以上动词的名词形式时也要用虚拟suggestionadvicerecommendationproposalshould+do,should可省略HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris…...HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：4种情况只能用whether，不能用if：（1）除宾语从句之外的名词性从句（2）前面有介词；（3）与ornot连用。（4）在动词不定式之前10.Idon’tknowiftodoit.whetherFillintheblanksusing‘whether/if’1.Iaskedher_____________shehadabike.2._________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout___________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow____________ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion___________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow____________togo.9.Ididn’tknow___________tolaughortocry.10._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf如果，只用if找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：11.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.12.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.itIt规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。1用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。(1)Itbe＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…ItisanhonorthatItiscommonknowledgethat事实是……非常荣幸…是常识(2)Itbe＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…Itisstrangethat…很自然…奇怪的是…另外还有,nowonder,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等Itisnosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.另外还有，certain,obvious,true,good,wonderful,funny,possible,probable,important,necessary等。Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinthefinalexam.ItisprobablethatJackhastoldhereverything,(4)Itbe＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…Ithasbeenprovedthat…Itissaidthat…据报道…已证实…据说…(3)It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…Ithappenedthat…Itappearsthat…似乎…碰巧…似乎…Itseemsthathereallylovesher.Ithappenedthathereallylovedher.Ithasbeenprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Itissaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.2it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：13Isawheistalkingwithhermother.14.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.wastravels规律5:宾语从句中1.当主句的谓语动词是现在时或一般将来时从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。3当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍用一般现在时。一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时一般过去式，过去进行时，过去完成时15.Hebelieves_____________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomeday找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：16.Nomatterwhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoever规律6whatever,whoever,whichever…除用于引导的名词性从句外，还可用于引导让步状语从句。当引导让步状语从句时，可以用nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,nomatterwhich…替换。引导词that的省略情况that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句ItissaidthatMr.LihasarrivedinBeijing.Wethinkithighlyprobablethatheisdead.MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略ItoldhimIlovedhimandIhatedhim.ItoldhimIlovedhimandthatIhatedhim.√×名词性从句和定语从句区别•1Idon’tknowwhenhewillleave.•2Idon’tknowthetimewhenhewillleave.•3ThatiswhomIwanttosee.•4ThatisthegirlwhomIwanttosee.定定名名3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定