美国1960年青年反战运动

Thesocialmovementsin1960sThecivilrightsmovementTheyouthmovement/anti-warmovementThewomen’sliberationmovementsWhydidthesocialmovementbegin?In1960s,manyAmericanmenworkedhardtoachievetheirdream.TheybelievedtheywerelivingtheAmericanDream.Howeverthreegroups---Afo-American,youngpeopleandwomen-weredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.TheyhadadifferentideaofwhattheAmericansDreamis.BackgroundsAsthe1960sprogressed,widespreadtensionsdevelopedinAmericansocietythattendedtoflowalonggenerationallinesregardingthewarinVietnam,racerelations,sexualmores,women'srights,traditionalmodesofauthority,andamaterialistinterpretationoftheAmericanDream.White,middle-classyouth—whomadeupthebulkofthecounterculture—hadsufficientleisuretimetoturntheirattentiontosocialissues.Thesesocialissuesincludedsupportforcivilrights,women'srights,andgayrightsmovements,andarejectionoftheVietnamWar.HippiesbecamethelargestcounterculturalgroupintheUnitedStates.Thecounterculturealsohadaccesstoamediaeagertopresenttheirconcernstoawiderpublic.Anti-warmovementAnti-warmovementTheconflictinVietnamresultedinover55,000Americandeathsandproducdalarge-scaleantiwarmovementintheUnitedStates.Studentsbecameapowerfulanddisruptiveforceanduniversitycampusessparkedanationaldebateoverthewar.Asthemovement'sidealsspreadbeyondcollegecampuses,doubtsaboutthewaralsobegantoappearwithintheadministrationitself.AmassmovementbeganrisinginoppositiontotheVietnamWar,endinginthemassiveMoratoriumprotestsin1969,aswellasthemovementofresistancetoconscription(theDraft)forthewar.DetailsTheantiwarmovementwasinitiallybasedontheolder1950sPeacemovement,heavilyinfluencedbytheAmericanCommunistParty.Butbythemid-1960sitoutgrewthisandbecameabroad-basedmassmovementcenteredinuniversitiesandchurches.Ifyou'reoldenoughtodieforyourcountry,you'reoldenoughtovote.Manyoftheyouthinvolvedinthepoliticsofthemovementsdistancedthemselvesfromthehippies.Theyouthanti--war“Hell,no,wewon’tgo,”anti—wardemonstratorschanted,refusinggovernmentorderstobedraftedintothearmyandfightinVietnam.“letitallhangout!”youngpeopleadvisedeachother,defyingtheirparents,whocontrolledtheiremotionsandtriedtokeeppersonalmattersfrombecomingpublic.IntroductionInoctober1964,aCORE(theCongressofRacialEquallity)organizersatatasmalltableonasidewalkatthecampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,distributinginformationandcollectingmoney.Thecampuspoliceanduniversitydeancametohistableinforminghimthatwhathewasdoingwasagainstuniversitypolice.Thenhewasarrested.“Arrestallofus!”thestudentsspontaneouslysurroundedagainstthepolice.Later,”FreeSpeechMovement”beganwithsuccess.courseTheanti-warmovementbecamemoreorganizedasaloosecoalitionofmanyorganizationsandleaderswasformedunderaseriesof“MobilizationCommitteestoEndtheWarinVietnam.”Theorganizationsincludedchurchgroups,SNCC(thestudentnonviolentCoordinating),SDS(StudentsforaDemocraticSociety).Theirdirectactionstrategiesincludedteach-insoncampuses,protestmarchesandrallies,andattacksonfederalofficestodestroydraftrecords.Changes…TheHippiescalledthemselvesthe“lovegeneration”.Happinessbecametheironlygoalintheirlife.Theirmusicwasdifferentfromanyothermusic,andthewordstheysangsoundedrebeilioustoolderpeople.Theyworelonghair,strangeandcolorfulclothesandmanyoftheyuseddrugs.Theywentinhugenumberstorockmusicconcerts.Manystudentswere“droppingout”ofschool.Othersleftthecountrytoavoidthearmy.Moveon…Onekindofprotestwascalledasit-in.OthertermsheardintheUnitedStatesincludedtheDraft,draftdodger,conscientiousobjector,andVietnamvet.AstheUSgovernmentsentmoretroopstoVietnamandthenumberofwardeathgrew,publicfeelingagainstgovernmentpolicygrewsostrongthatPresidentJohnsondecidednottorunforre-electionin1968.Stopnow!!!infuenceBy1991,morethan60%ofpeopleintheUSthoughtthewarinVietnamwaswrongandwantedthewartoend.in1973,theUSsignedapeacetreaty.Thesocialmovementofthe1960shadastrongeffectonthewaypeoplethinkandact,andcausedchangesinmanylaws.howevermanyofthesameproblemstheyhopedtosolvearestillmajorproblemsinUSsociety.MUSICWoodstockRockFestivalPeace,equality,anti--warBlowinginTheWind-BobDylanlyricsHowmanyroadsmustamanwalkdownBeforeyoucallhimamanHowmanyseasmustawhitedovesailBeforeshesleepsinthesandHowmanytimesmustthecannonballsflyBeforethey'reforeverbannedTheanswer,myfriend,isblowinginthewindGivePeaceAChanceIdot'twannabeasoldierJohnLennonMoviesCountercultureofthe1960sInUS,thecountercultureofthe1960sbecameidentifiedwiththerejectionofconventionalsocialnormsofthe1950s.Countercultureyouthrejectedtheculturalstandardsoftheirparents,especiallywithrespecttoracialsegregationandinitialwidespreadsupportfortheVietnamWar.Countercultureofthe1960sFlowerPowerBusItbeganintheUnitedStatesasareactionagainsttheconservatismandsocialconformityofthe1950s,andtheUSgovernment'sextensivemilitaryinterventioninVietnam.Thesegroupscreatedamovementtowardliberationinsociety,includingthesexualrevolution,questioningauthorityandgovernment,anddemandingmorefreedomsandrightsforwomenandminorities.TheUndergroundPress,awidespread,eclecticcollectionofnewspapersservedasaunifyingmediumfortheco